Detection of cardiac sarcoidosis using cardiac markers and myocardial integrated backscatter

A joint procedural position statement on imaging in cardiac sarcoidosis: from the Cardiovascular and Inflammation & Infection Committees of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine, the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging, and the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology

“…Echocardiographic features of cardiac sarcoidosis echo can also mimic arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy. 25,26 In the early stage of the disease, reduced longitudinal myocardial function (2D speckle tracking or tissue Doppler imagingderived strain) [27][28][29][30][31][32] or alterations in acoustic properties of the myocardium, 33,34 particularly in the basal interventricular septum, may be present in the absence of other 2D echo features. About 20% of patients with cardiac sarcoidosis have atrial lesions characterized by atrial wall hypertrophy (easier diagnosis by transoesophageal echocardiography).…”

Non-Invasive Detection of Latent Cardiac Conduction Abnormalities in Patients With Pulmonary Sarcoidosis Application of Signal Averaged Electrocardiogram

“…4 Although electrocardiographic conduction abnormalities, atorioventricular block (AVB) or bundle branch block (BBB) are well known as the characteristic manifestation of CS, these manifestations have been detected in less than 5% of patients with sarcoidosis. 5 However, in autopsy studies, cardiac involvements have been found in 20% to 58% of the cases, indicating latent CS does exist in a larger part of the sarcoidosis patients, even if routine electrocardiogram (ECG) shows no abnormal findings.…”

Sarcoidosis and the heart: A review of the literature

“…Although serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is elevated in 60% of patients with SS (86,87), it is not a sensitive marker and is detected in only 21.8% of patients with CS (3,54,88). Serum IgG (89), lysozyme (90), high-sensitivity troponin T (90), atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (91), and soluble IL-2 receptor (89,92,93) have been proposed as biomarkers, but they lack the sensitivity and specificity to detect CS or there are insufficient data regarding their role in CS (22).…”