Detection of chromium in liquids by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)

Koch, Sandra; Garen, W.; Müller, Miloš; Neu, W.

doi:10.1007/s00339-004-2633-y

Cited by 51 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, the utilization of an internal standard and other alternative calibration methods has ameliorated this matter. Water [217][218][219][220][221][222] and soil [223][224][225][226][227][228][229][230][231][232][233] analyses have produced most of the papers found in the literature.…”

Section: Environmental Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Koch et al 221 and Fichet et al 222 employed LIBS instruments in the analyses of Cr in liquids. The first paper analyzed Cr in aqueous solutions 221 and the second in water and oil samples.…”

Section: Environmental Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first paper analyzed Cr in aqueous solutions 221 and the second in water and oil samples. 222 A linear range of 20-100 µg g -1 and a detection limit down to 40 µg g -1 were obtained by Koch et al 221 Detection limits of same order of magnitude were attained by Fichet et al, 222 239 aimed at qualitative and quantitative analyses of contaminants, mainly Cr and Fe, in coastal samples (bark, leaves, soil, dock rock, stone and fragments of wall) of an area with high industrial activity. An instrument for long distance analyses (12 m) was used.…”

Section: Environmental Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Pasquini¹,

Cortez²,

Silva³

et al. 2007

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

342

195

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Esta revisão descreve os aspectos fundamentais, a instrumentação, as aplicações e tendências futuras de uma técnica analítica que se encontra em seu estágio de consolidação e que está em vias de estabelecer o seu nicho entre as técnicas espectrofotométricas modernas. A técnica é denominada Espectroscopia de Emissão em Plasma Induzido por Laser (em inglês, Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, LIBS) e sua principal característica está no uso de pulsos de laser como fonte de energia para vaporizar a amostra e excitar a emissão de radiação eletromagnética, a partir de seus elementos e/ou fragmentos moleculares. A radiação emitida é analisada por meio de instrumentos ópticos de alta resolução e as suas intensidades são medidas, usualmente com detectores rápidos de estado sólido. Em conjunto, esses dispositivos permitem a geração e a medida de um espectro de emissão de faixa ampla do fenômeno induzido pelo pulso de laser. O espectro registrado contém informação qualitativa e quantitativa que pode ser correlacionada com a identidade da amostra ou empregada na determinação da quantidade de seus constituintes. Essa revisão é dividida em quatro partes. A primeira aborda aspectos históricos da técnica e os conceitos teóricos relevantes associados com LIBS; então, os aspectos práticos de diversas abordagens experimentais e instrumentais empregadas na implementação da técnica são revistos de forma crítica; as aplicações encontradas na literatura, incluindo aquelas que empregam quimiometria, são classificadas e exemplificadas por meio de trabalhos relevantes recentemente publicados. Finalmente, uma tentativa de estabelecer uma avaliação global e as perspectivas futuras para a técnica é apresentada.This review describes the fundamentals, instrumentation, applications and future trends of an analytical technique that is in its early stages of consolidation and is establishing its definitive niches among modern spectrometric techniques. The technique has been named Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and its main characteristic stands in the use of short laser pulses as the energy source to vaporize samples and excite the emission of electromagnetic radiation from its elements and/or molecular fragments. The emitted radiation is analyzed by high resolution optics and the intensities are recorded, usually by fast triggered solid state detectors. Together, these devices allow producing and registering a wide ranging emission spectrum of the short-lived phenomenon induced by the laser pulse. The spectrum contains qualitative and quantitative information which can be correlated with sample identity or can be used to determine the amount of its constituents. This review is divided in four parts. First, the relevant historical and theoretical concepts associated with LIBS are presented; then the main practical aspects of the several experimental and instrumental approaches employed for implementation of the technique are critically described; the applications related in the literature, including those making use of chemometri...

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Section: Environmental Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Pasquini¹,

Cortez²,

Silva³

et al. 2007

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

342

195

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The possibility of saturation at higher concentrations was investigated by constructing a fit composed of two linear segments, to allow for a change in slope at lower and higher concentrations. No evidence was found for a change in slope at higher concentrations, and it was highly unlikely that saturation was occurring at low concentration (e.g., under 100 ppm), as other studies of trace elements in varying matrices typically have shown much higher saturation regions or none at all [16,17]. Therefore, it was decided that the system demonstrated a linear relationship between 10 and 1140 ppm, and any slight deviation from linearity in slope at low or high concentrations were simply due to nonuniformities between samples.…”

Section: B Concentration Curvesmentioning

confidence: 85%

Detection of trace Al in model biological tissue with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Adamson

Rehse

2007

Appl. Opt.

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), which is an excellent tool for trace elemental analysis, was studied as a method of detecting sub-part-per-10 6 (ppm) concentrations of aluminum in surrogates of human tissue. Tissue was modeled using a 2% agarose gelatin doped with an Al 2 O 3 nanoparticle suspension. A calibration curve created with standard reference samples of known Al concentrations was used to determine the limit of detection, which was less than 1 ppm. Rates of false negative and false positive detection results for a much more realistic sampling methodology were also studied, suggesting that LIBS could be a candidate for the real-time in vivo detection of metal contamination in human soft tissue.

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“…Among the application of LIBS on a liquid surface there are: rapid analysis of the pharmaceutical formulation [6] and water contamination [7,8]; studies for medicine [9], and chemical analysis of very limited sample volumes [10,11], particularly important for bio-medical and forensic applications. LIBS measurements of bulk liquids might be employed for in situ detection of leakages in industrial and power plants [1,12,13], other kinds of water contamination [14,15], geothermal winds in deep oceans [16], and direct analysis of liquids inside transparent containers [6]. Detection of submerged materials could be exploited also for feedback control in laser surgery [17], usually performed with liquid coverage, then for recognition of underwater building materials and archeological objects [18,19], and determination of recent pollution and bioactivity in waters [20].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

LIBS Analysis of Liquids and of Materials Inside Liquids

Lazic

2014

Springer Series in Optical Sciences

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Abbreviations and Symbols CILaser induced plasma formation on or inside liquids is characterized by large energy losses due to liquid evaporation. Ablation of a liquid surface is followed by hydro-dynamical instabilities and splashing. Plasma generation inside bulk liquids is affected by the light absorption and scattering, and it is accompanied by intense pressure waves and successive vapor cavitation. Efficient LIBS analyses in presence of liquids require different considerations; the examples are reported and discussed in following. IntroductionLaser induced plasma formation has the irradiance threshold dependent on the sample density, and generally it progressively reduces when passing from gases, to liquids and then to solids. Excluding the losses along the beam path, this means that less laser energy is required for ablation of dry or submerged solid materials than for ablation of a liquid or for generating breakdown inside liquids. Plasma formation in presence of liquids is not efficient because a great portion of the laser energy is expended for the liquid vaporization; this strongly reduces the energy available for the plasma excitation. It has been estimated that about 75 % of the input radiation is consumed for vaporization during laser induced breakdown (LIB) inside water [1]. Furthermore, both water and organic solutions contain hydrogen, which contributes to a rapid thermalization and cooling of the formed plasma. Once the plasma is created in liquids, the high density and nearly incompressible medium strongly confines the plume; the corresponding effects on the plasma evolution and LIBS signal are recently reviewed [2]. Laser ablation (LA) of liquids by short, intense pulses is a complex process where the liquid surface is no longer in equilibrium with the surrounding vapor; this results in a very high net mass flux from the sample surface to the surrounding [3 and references therein]. The high mass flux increases the pressure at the target surface and so raises the boiling temperature. Once the normal boiling is established, the presence of volumetric energy densities slightly higher than that equivalent to the saturation temperature causes the formation and growth of a vapor bubble. If the deposition rate of volumetric energy density by a laser pulse exceeds the energy consumed by vaporization, the liquid is driven to a metastable state until the spinoidal temperature is reached. At this temperature, the liquid undergoes so called ''spinoidal decomposition'' where the entire superheated liquid volume separates into saturated liquid and vapor, which are ejected into atmosphere. This process occurs normally during LIBS sampling of a liquid surface. In case of water ablation it has been estimated that less than 50 % of the deposited energy transforms into vapor while the remaining part is consumed for ejection of droplets [3]. The energy loss on droplet expulsion i.e. splashing further degrades the LIBS signal.LIBS measurements are often performed on water solutions or inside the same. Laser intera...

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Detection of chromium in liquids by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)

Cited by 51 publications

References 15 publications

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Detection of trace Al in model biological tissue with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

LIBS Analysis of Liquids and of Materials Inside Liquids

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