Detection of classical enterotoxins and identification of enterotoxin genes in Staphylococcus aureus from milk and dairy products

Occurrence and antibiotic resistance of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in raw ovine and caprine milk in Greece

“…Forty five and 35% of the S. aureus isolates from bulk CM were characterized by (Foschino et al 2002). Among the types of SE produced by enterotoxigenic CM isolates, a high prevalence of SEC (85.7%) was observed, which is consistent with previous studies (Foschino et al 2002;Harvey and Gilmour 1988;Morandi et al 2007;Scherrer et al 2004;Valle et al 1990). High proportions (85.2-94%) of SEC production in SE-positive S. aureus isolates from bulk CM have also been reported in the studies of Jørgensen et al (2005) and Spanu et al (2013).…”

“…The presence of two or more se genes in S. aureus strains from milk and dairy products was also reported in other studies (Carfora et al 2015;Cremonesi et al 2007;Morandi et al 2007;Poli et al 2007).…”

“…However, this was not the case for five out of the 21 SEpositive CM isolates. Differences between the results obtained via PCR and those obtained via the application of immunoassays have been also reported previously Jørgensen et al 2005;Morandi et al 2007;Poli et al 2007). In our study, the observation that the corresponding genes were not detected by PCR in one SEA-positive and in three SEC-positive isolates by enzyme immunoassay (all from OM) is in agreement with previous studies.…”

“…In our study, the observation that the corresponding genes were not detected by PCR in one SEA-positive and in three SEC-positive isolates by enzyme immunoassay (all from OM) is in agreement with previous studies. Morandi et al (2007) proposed that the lack of detection of the corresponding genes in three SEA-and SEC-positive OM isolates could indicate the existence of sequence variations in se genes or the production of an unknown toxin that cross reacts during the immunological detection of SEA and SEC. Isolates testing positive for SEA by reversed passive latex agglutination but negative for sea by PCR have also been observed in animals other than sheep (Jørgensen et al 2005).…”

“…aureus appears to be isolated at high frequencies from raw small ruminants' milk, and studies conducted in various countries have shown that S. aureus isolates from caprine milk (CM) and ovine milk (OM) frequently produce SEs or harbor genes encoding for their synthesis (Jørgensen et al 2005;Morandi et al 2007). In addition, AR and MRSA S. aureus strains have been isolated from both bovine and small ruminants' milk in various countries, as summarized in the review of Pexara et al (2013).…”