Detection of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin genes (A–F) in dairy farms from Northern Germany using PCR: A case-control study

Maize and Grass Silage Feeding to Dairy Cows Combined with Different Concentrate Feed Proportions with a Special Focus on Mycotoxins, Shiga Toxin (stx)-Forming Escherichia coli and Clostridium botulinum Neurotoxin (BoNT) Genes: Implications for Animal Health and Food Safety

“…The DNA preparation was performed with a QIAmp DNA stool kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) according to the manufacturer's specifications. Conventional PCR for the detection of botulinum neurotoxin genes (BoNT) A, B, Dairy 2020, 1 97 C, D, E and F [42] was done in single reactions with additional inhibition control as described in Fohler et al [43].…”

Managing botulism outbreaks associated with poultry litter: balancing perceived animal welfare with disease prevention

“…It also appears that BoNT can be ingested and not cause disease. One recent study found that 19 per cent of cattle with no signs of botulism were PCR-positive for BoNT – predominately of Type A 13. Another study was able to detect C botulinum types A and B – and, to a lesser extent, types E and F – in the faeces of healthy cattle 14…”

Infant botulism in Singapore

“…Natasha Charan 1 , Ju-Ming Judith Wong 2 , Wei Shih Derrick Chan 3 , Zheng Jie Marc Ho 4 , Heng Chiak James Sim 5,6 , Jin Phang Loh 7 , Ling Yann Foo 7,8 , Sophie Octavia 9 , Michelle Ang 9 , Koh Cheng Thoon 10 1 Department of Paediatrics, 2 Children's Intensive Care Unit, 3 Paediatric Neurology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 4 Communicable Diseases Division, Ministry of Health, 5 Department of Microbiology, Singapore General Hospital, 6 Duke-NUS Medical School, 7 Biological Defence Programme, 8 Chemical, Toxins, Radiological and Nuclear Defence Programme, DSO National Laboratories, 9 National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, 10 Paediatric Infectious Disease, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore. natasha.charan@mohh.com.sg…”

“…The same result was obtained using a real-time PCR assay. (3) An isolate (designated as BT4) obtained from the stool sample was identified as Clostridium sporogenes by MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionisation-time of flight) mass spectrometry. This species shares a high similarity with C. botulinum strains belonging to toxin group A. Multiplex PCR showed that Type A and B BoNT genes were present in this suspected C. botulinum isolate BT4, and this was consistent with the results obtained from the stool sample.…”