Detection of coronaviruses in children with acute gastroenteritis in Maddina, Saudi Arabia

Kheyami, Ali M.; Nakagomi, Toyoko; Nakagomi, Osamu; Getty, B.; Cunliffe, Nigel A.

doi:10.1179/146532810x12637745451997

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…However, the detection rate of each strain of HCoVs varied in different regions, and the detection The age distribution of HCoVs strains in this study was mostly in patients in the age groups below 5 years and equal to or above 60 years old, 31 % and 23.8%, respectively. Our results were in part similar to the result in a previous study that showed that the range of children age infected with HCoVs was 42 months (Kheyami et al, 2010). Another study showed that the age group affected was children less than 2 years old (Risku et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In a Slovenia study (Jevsnik et al, 2016), HCoV particles were detected in 8.7% of the tested specimens. Another study in Saudi Arabia (Kheyami et al, 2010) showed a 6% prevalence of HCoVs in AGE patients. A Finnish study (Risku et al, 2010) using molecular methods showed a 2.5% prevalence rate of HCoVs and distributed as follows: 45.5% HCoV-OC43, 27.3% HCoV-HKU1 and 18.2% HCoV-NL63.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Untitled

2023

JJBS

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Study areas include cell biology, genomics, microbiology, immunology, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, immunogenetics, cell and tissue culture, molecular ecology, genetic engineering and biological engineering, bioremediation and biodegradation, bioinformatics, biotechnology regulations, gene therapy, organismal biology, microbial and environmental biotechnology, marine sciences. The JJBS welcomes the submission of manuscript that meets the general criteria of significance and academic excellence. All articles published in JJBS are peerreviewed. Papers will be published approximately one to two months after acceptance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Untitled

2023

JJBS

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“…55,[58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65] Studies from Argentina and Saudi Arabia respectively found the virus structure in 1.1% and 6% of samples from children with diarrhea. 61,66 The coronavirus morphotype was also found in outbreaks among neonates during manifestations of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. 55,65,67 Patients with HIV infection, including some with a characteristic "wasting syndrome,"…”

Section: Evidence From Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reports of the EM findings of coronavirus suggested that the putative pathogen(s) could be identified in outbreak settings of diarrhea 55,58‐65 . Studies from Argentina and Saudi Arabia respectively found the virus structure in 1.1% and 6% of samples from children with diarrhea 61,66 . The coronavirus morphotype was also found in outbreaks among neonates during manifestations of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis 55,65,67 .…”

Section: Human Coronaviruses As Enteric Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of enteric disease from human coronaviruses: Implications for COVID‐19

Cimolai

2020

Journal of Medical Virology

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Coronaviruses have long been studied in both human and veterinary fields. Whereas the initial detection of endemic human respiratory coronaviruses was problematic, detection of these and newly discovered human coronaviruses has been greatly facilitated with major advances in the laboratory. Nevertheless, technological factors can affect the accuracy and timeliness of virus detection. Many human coronaviruses can be variably found in stool samples. All human coronaviruses have been variably associated with symptoms of gastroenteritis. Coronaviruses can occasionally be cultured from enteric specimens, but most detection is accomplished with genetic amplification technologies. Excretion of viral RNA in stool can extend for a prolonged period. Culture‐positive stool samples have been found to exceed a fourteen day period after onset of infection for some coronaviruses. Virus can also sometimes be cultured from patients' respiratory samples during the late incubation period. Relatively asymptomatic patients may excrete virus. Both viable and nonviable virus can be found in the immediate environment of the patient, the health care worker, and less often the public. These lessons from the past study of animal and human coronaviruses can be extended to presumptions for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Already, the early reports from the coronavirus disease‐2019 pandemic are confirming some concerns. These data have the cumulative potential to cause us to rethink some current and common public health and infection control strategies.

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“…Although seasonal HCoVs only make up a small proportion of these cases in comparison to viruses such as norovirus (NoV), rotavirus (RoV), rhinovirus (RhV) and adenovirus (AdV), it does imply that SARS-CoV-2 is not unusual in inducing GI problems and this symptom may represent a part of its infection cycle (Fig. 3) (Rovida et al, 2013) (Drosten et al, 2013) (Kheyami et al, 2010) (Esper et al, 2010) (Risku et al, 2010).…”

Section: Fecal Shedding Patterns Of Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal Shedding of SARS-CoV-2 and Its Potential Role in Person-To-Person Transmission and the Environment-Based Spread of COVID-19

Jones¹,

Quintela-Baluja²,

Graham³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The recent detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in feces has led to speculation that it can be transmitted via the fecal-oral/ocular route. This review aims to critically evaluate the incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, the quantity and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in feces and urine, and whether these pose an infection risk in sanitary settings, sewage networks, wastewater treatment plants, and the wider environment (e.g. rivers, lakes and marine waters). Overall, severe GI dysfunction is only evident in a small number of COVID-19 cases, with 11 ± 2% exhibiting diarrhea and 12 ± 3% exhibiting vomiting and nausea. In addition to these cases, SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected in feces from some asymptomatic, mildly- and pre-symptomatic individuals. Fecal shedding of the virus peaks in the symptomatic period and can persist for several weeks, but with declining abundances in the post-symptomatic phase. SARS-CoV-2 RNA is occasionally detected in urine, but reports in fecal samples are more frequent. The abundance of the virus genetic material in both urine (ca. 102-105 gc/ml) and feces (ca. 102-107 gc/ml) is much lower than in nasopharyngeal fluids (ca. 105-1011 gc/ml). There is strong evidence of multiplication of SARS-CoV-2 in the GI tract and infectious virus has occasionally been recovered from both urine and stool samples. The level and infectious capability of SARS-CoV-2 in vomit remain unknown. In comparison to enteric viruses transmitted via the fecal-oral route (e.g. norovirus, adenovirus), the likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 being transmitted via feces or urine appears lower due to the lower relative amounts of virus present in feces/urine. The biggest risk of transmission will occur in clinical and care home settings where secondary handling of people and urine/fecal matter occurs. In addition, while SARS-CoV-2 RNA genetic material can be detected by in wastewater, this signal is greatly reduced by conventional treatment. Our analysis also suggests the likelihood of infection due to contact with sewage-contaminated water (e.g. swimming, surfing, angling) or food (e.g. salads, shellfish) is extremely low or negligible based on very low predicted abundances and limited environmental survival of SARS-CoV-2. These conclusions are corroborated by the fact that over eight million global cases of COVID-19 have occurred, but exposure to feces or wastewater has never been implicated as a transmission vector.

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Detection of coronaviruses in children with acute gastroenteritis in Maddina, Saudi Arabia

Abstract: Coronaviruses were commonly identified in children with diarrhoea in Saudi Arabia. Their role in paediatric gastro-enteritis warrants further evaluation.

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

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Features of enteric disease from human coronaviruses: Implications for COVID‐19

Fecal Shedding of SARS-CoV-2 and Its Potential Role in Person-To-Person Transmission and the Environment-Based Spread of COVID-19

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