Detection of Covid-19 through a Heptanal Biomarker Using Transition Metal Doped Graphene

Abstract

A rapid and noninvasive way to monitor the spread of COVID-19 is the detection of SARS-CoV-2 biomarkers from exhaled breath. Heptanal was identified as a key biomarker which was significantly elevated in the breath of SARS-CoV-2 patients. In this study, the adsorption behaviors of heptanal on pristine and transition metal (Pd, Pt, and Ag) doped graphene were studied based on density functional theory. The results indicated that heptanal was weakly adsorbed on pristine graphene with an adsorption energy of −0.015 eV while it was strongly adsorbed on Pd-, Pt-, and Ag-doped graphene with adsorption energies of −0.404, – 0.356, and −0.755 eV, respectively. Also, the electronic properties of Pd-, Pt-, and Ag-doped graphene changed more dramatically after heptanal adsorption than pristine graphene. The recovery times were estimated to be 6.13 × 10 –6 , 9.57 × 10 –7 , and 4.83 s for Pd-, Pt-, and Ag-doped graphene, respectively, showing that Pd-, Pt-, and Ag-doped graphene are suitable as reversible sensors. Our results conclude that Pd-, Pt-, and Ag-doped graphene are potential candidates as gas sensors for heptanal detection, and Ag-doped graphene is the most promising one.

The Emergence of Carbon Nanomaterials as Effective Nano-Avenues to Fight against COVID-19

“…For effective sensing of a virus, selection of a proper biomarker is crucial, and heptanal was found to be a critical biomarker for identifying SARS-CoV-2. [ 36 ]. Density functional theory was used to analyze the adsorption characteristics of heptanal on both undoped graphene and graphene doped with transition metals (Pd, Pt, and Ag).…”

Sustainable materials and COVID-19 detection biosensor: A brief review

“…At present, the graphene – based technology is already developed for detection of SATS-Co-V2 in the exhale breath sample. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 biomarkers in exhaled breath offers a quick and noninvasive technique to track the spread of COVID-19 [ 46 ]. Heptanal was discovered to be a critical biomarker that was considerably higher in SARS-CoV-2 patients' breath.…”

“…Heptanal was discovered to be a critical biomarker that was considerably higher in SARS-CoV-2 patients' breath. Using density functional theory, the adsorption characteristics of heptanal on virgin and transition metal doped graphene can be investigated and used as a biomarker for COVID-19 diagnosis [ 46 ].…”

A Wearable Respiration Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring of Chronic Kidney Disease

“…Respiration is one of the most basic physiological movements, and it provides a large amount of physiological and pathological information for accessing the health condition. − Therefore, research on respiratory diagnostics in human health monitoring has received increasing attention, especially as humanity is facing the challenge of new viruses such as corona virus disease (COVID-19). − At present, even though various sensors have been developed to monitor human physiological information like heartbeat and respiration, limitations, such as large volume, complex operation, poor response, and high detection limit, remarkably restrict their further practical applications. − Therefore, exploring convenient and cost-effective sensors with excellent performance for health monitoring is still highly desired.…”