Detection of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in Hyalomma ticks collected from Mauritanian livestock

Schulz, Ansgar; Barry, Yahya; Stoek, Franziska; Pickin, Matthew J.; Ba, Aliou; Chiţimia-Dobler, Lidia; Haki, Mohamed L.; Doumbia, Baba; Eisenbarth, Albert; Diambar, Abdellahi; Bah, Mohamend Y.; Eiden, Martin; Groschup, Martin H.

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-45301/v1

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…And according to some authors, ticks such as Hyalomma marginatum (Koch, 1844) and Amblyomma variegatum are known to be involved in the distribution of the Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus [24,25]. Moreover other studies carried out in Ghana [26], in Mali [27] in Mauritania [28] and in Senegal [29] showed prevalences of CCHFV in the three types of ticks identified in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Serosurvey of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) in Cattle in Livestock Areas of Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa

Valery

Aimée

Maxime

et al. 2021

MRJI

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Background: Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is an arbovirus transmitted by Ixodid ticks and causes a highly pathogenic disease called Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever with a mortality rate of up to 50% in humans. Methods: From January to December 2019, tick and blood samples were taken from seven cattle farms located in the towns of Korhogo, Bondoukou, Man and Bouaflé. In each of the farms, samples were taken from twenty cattle. These tick and blood samples were sent to the national reference laboratory of the Department of Epidemic Viruses of the Pasteur Institute of Côte d'Ivoire for diagnosis of CCHFV as part of the surveillance of haemorrhagic fever viruses in Côte d'Ivoire. Molecular detection of the Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fevervirus in ticks was performed by real-time PCR. For the serological analysis, the ELISA was used for the detection of antibodies to CCHFV (IgM and IgG). Results: The study allowed the identification of 411 ticks divided into three genera Amblyomma, Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus. The predominant species were Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus with (47.4%) and Amblyomma variegatum with (42.8%). No ticks gave positive results for the research of the CCHFV.Serological analysis showed that all 140 blood samples were IgM negative and 53.57% were IgG positive. Cattle from Bouaflé (90%) and Korhogo (70%) showed a higher seroprevalence than cattle from other regions. There was no significant difference in seropositivity between female bovines (54.1%) and male bovines (52.5%) (P>0.05). There is an association between age and anti-CCHF IgG positivity (P≤0.05), as cattle less than 3 years old (59.3%) showed a higher seroprevalence. Conclusion: CCHFV serological tests have been detected in cattle, one of the livestock known to play a role in the amplification of CCHFV. Our results demonstrate that the prevalence of CCHFV is high in livestock areas of Côte d'Ivoire and suggest that surveillance for CCHFV should be established.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Serosurvey of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) in Cattle in Livestock Areas of Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa

Valery

Aimée

Maxime

et al. 2021

MRJI

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“…CCHFV Livestock Egypt, Somalia, Tunisia [193] CCHFV Patient Oman [194] CCHFV Cattle, camel H. rufipes, H. dromedarii, H. impeltatum Mauritania [195] CCHFV Camel H. dromedarii United Arab Emirates [196] ALKV Patients Saudi Arabia [197] ALKV Patients [198] ALKV Patient, dead camel Saudi Arabia [197,199] ALKV This virus is a recently described member of the tick-borne hemorrhagic fever group of the genus Flavivirus. Camels and sheep are thought to be the natural hosts of ALKV [202].…”

Section: Pathogens Host Species Tick Vectors Locality Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases of Livestock in the Middle East and North Africa: A Review

Perveen

Muzaffar

Al-Deeb

2021

Insects

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Ticks are important vectors of an array of viral, bacterial and protozoan pathogens resulting in a wide range of animal and human diseases. There is limited information in the literature about tick species in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries, even though they have suitable climate and vegetation for ticks and their hosts. We reviewed the occurrence of tick species and the pathogens they transmit from the MENA on published papers from 1901–2020. We found taxonomic records of 55 tick species infesting livestock representing the following eight genera: Ornithodoros, Otobius, Amblyomma, Dermacentor, Haemaphysalis, Hyalomma, Ixodes, and Rhipicephalus. In addition, 15 pathogens were recorded causing diseases of significance, with Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever, theileriosis, babesiosis and anaplasmosis being widely distributed diseases in the region. In recent decades, there has been increasing trends in disease occurrence and movement associated with global movement of humans and global trade of animals. We suggest that disease control and prevention could be achieved effectively through good integration between public health, veterinary medicine and animal management, and ecological approaches. We recommend further research in the areas of tick ecology and tick born-disease transmission. Furthermore, we suggest evaluation and improvement of disease control policies in the region.

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“…In 2003, there was an urban outbreak of CCHF in which 28.6 % of the cases were fatal ( 41 ). Additionally, CCHFV has also been detected in livestock and ticks in different periods ( 41 , 59 , 63 , 70 ) ( Table 1 ). In Mauritania, 5–49 cases of CCHF have been reported per year ( 73 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever in the Arab world: A systematic review

Perveen

Khan

2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an important tick-borne viral infection with a fatality rate of up to 50% during outbreaks. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is sustained in the ecosystem in benign form through vertical and horizontal transmission cycles involving tick vectors, wildlife, and livestock. Hyalomma ticks are considered the major source of human infection. CCHF occurs most often among butchers, slaughterhouse workers, and farmworkers through infected tick bites or/and contact with blood and tissues of infected livestock. The nosocomial transmission can occur in auxiliary nurses and physicians through contact with the infected patients. The widespread distribution of CCHFV most probably occurred by ticks on migratory birds, or through international travel and trade of livestock and wildlife. During co-infections of ticks and vertebrates, reassortment among genome segments could play a significant role in generating diversity, and hence, a potential risk for the emergence of novel variants. In this systematic review, we aimed to determine the epidemiology, transmission, distribution, mortality, and clinical features of CCHF in 22 Arab countries, comprising the Arab world. Based on the analysis of 57 studies published from 1978 to 2021, we found 20 tick species that could be associated with CCHFV transmission. During the 43-year period, 321 cases of CCHF were reported from 9/22 Arab countries, Iraq, Kuwait, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Sudan, Egypt, Tunisia, and Mauritania. The mean case fatality rate was 29% during various outbreaks. Individuals working in abattoirs/slaughter houses, livestock farms, and healthcare were most at risk. Contact with blood or body secretions from infected animals and patients was the most common mode of transmission. A number of different animals, including cattle, goats, sheep, and camels were reported to be seropositive for CCHFV. The highest seroprevalence was observed in camels (29%), followed by cattle (21%), goats (15%), and sheep (14%). We discuss these results in the context of policy-making and potential preventative measures that can be implemented to reduce the burden of CCHF in the Arab world.

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Detection of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in Hyalomma ticks collected from Mauritanian livestock

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

Serosurvey of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) in Cattle in Livestock Areas of Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa

Serosurvey of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) in Cattle in Livestock Areas of Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa

Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases of Livestock in the Middle East and North Africa: A Review

Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever in the Arab world: A systematic review

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