Detection of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis in human patients in Cairo, Egypt

Kader, Nour M. Abd El; Blanco, A I de Cos; Ali-Tammam, Marwa; Ghaffar, Abd El Rahman B. Abd El; Osman, Ahmed; Sheikh, Nabila El; Rubio, José Miguel; Fuentes, Isabel

doi:10.1007/s00436-011-2465-6

Cited by 55 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Our study showed a predominance C. parvum over C. hominis. This result was in agreement with the results of another study in Egypt, where the predominant species were C. parvum over C. hominis [32], but contradictory to the results of another study in Egypt that showed an elevated prevalence of C. hominis over C. parvum [33]. Regarding the method of detection of Cryptosporidium infection, in the present work, both Ziehl-Neelsen stain and coproantigen detection methods were used.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Cryptosporidiosis in patients with diarrhea and chronic liver diseases

Mousa

Abdel‐Razik

El-Nahas

et al. 2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology and clinical significance of Cryptosporidium in patients with diarrhea and chronic liver diseases. Methodology: The study included 150 patients with chronic liver diseases and diarrhea, and 50 subjects with diarrhea as a control group. Stool samples were screened for the presence of Cryptosporidium by microscopic examination after modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining and detection of Cryptosporidium coproantigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in patients with chronic liver diseases was 30% (45/150) versus 14% (7/50) in controls. Cryptosporidium infection increased with the progression of chronic liver diseases from Child-Pugh class A to Child-Pugh class C (p< 0.001) and from model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score ≤ 9 to MELD score > 9 (p< 0.031). Nine patients in Child-Pugh class C with diarrhea associated with Cryptosporidium infection developed hepatic encephalopathy, and only diarrhea was identified as a precipitating factor for hepatic encephalopathy. Conclusions: Cryptosporidium is one of the important causes of diarrhea in patients with chronic liver diseases. The infection significantly increased with the progression of chronic liver diseases. In patients with advanced chronic liver diseases, Cryptosporidium infection may be a precipitating factor of hepatic encephalopathy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Cryptosporidiosis in patients with diarrhea and chronic liver diseases

Mousa

Abdel‐Razik

El-Nahas

et al. 2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…Most cases were recorded in Summer months (July, August and September 26 cases (52.0%)), which is in accordance with other studies in different regions in Egypt (El-Shazly et al 2007;Abd El Kader et al 2011). The summer seasonal diarrheal peak could be due to the coincidence with the recreational water season, reflecting the increased use of rivers, lakes, swimming pools and water parks (Yoder and Beach 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Predominance of Cryptosporidium parvum genotype among diarrheic children from Egypt as an indicator for zoonotic transmission

Eraky

El-Hamshary

Hamadto

et al. 2014

Acta Parasitologica

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Cryptosporidium is a genus of zoonotic pathogens transmissible from a variety of animals to humans and is a considerable public health concern. It is a significant cause of diarrheal disease in developing and industrialized nations. Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis are the main agents of cryptosporidiosis in humans. In this study we identified the genotypes of the Cryptosporidium isolates from clinical samples from diarrheic children using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses of the TRAP-C2 gene (Thrompodin Related Adhesive Protein). A total of 430 fecal specimens from 1 to 14 years children were collected from inpatient and outpatient clinics of Benha University, Educational and Children Specialized Hospitals, Benha, Qalubyia, and were microscopically examined for Cryptosporidium spp. All infected samples were also analyzed using nested PCR. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the (266-366 bp) of TRAP-C2 gene was also used to detect and identify Cryptosporidium spp. in PCR- positive samples. The results showed that 50 (11.63%) of the specimens were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. Genomic amplification and restriction digestion of the PCR products by BstETI, Hae III for TRAP-C2 gene restriction enzymes revealed that 82% (41/50) had C. parvum, 12% (6/50) had C. hominis, and three (3/50) samples (6%) had mixed infections. In conclusion, elevated prevalence of C. parvum, suggesting animal-human (zoonotic) transmission and further investigations are required to determine the subgenotypes of C. parvum to clarify the mode of transmission in order to improve the control measures.

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“…Human cryptosporidiosis caused by C. parvum mainly occurs in rural areas (12) and detection of the agent in persons with animal contact (10) refers to the zoonotic transmission (13,14). In the present study, C. parvum cases outnumbered C. hominis cases, suggesting a zoonotic transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Cryptosporidiosis in Humans with Reference to the First Case of Cryptosporidium hominis Infection in Turkey

Yilmazer¹,

Kucuk²,

Akyıldız³

et al. 2017

Haseki

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Aim:Cryptosporidiosis is a worldwide zoonosis. Microscopic examinations may fail due to indistinctive morphological peculiarities of causative species. Hence, molecular diagnostics has become more important.Methods: Stool samples from 150 patients were examined using carbol-fuchsin stain to determine Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts. Combined nested polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique was used for establishing different species in positive samples. The samples were also screened for other parasites by wet-mount and zinc sulfate flotation methods.Results: Microscopic examinations and molecular techniques revealed 0.67% (1/150) and 8.93% (5/56) positivity, respectively. Nested PCR-RFLP enabled the detection of Cryptosporidium hominis (C. hominis) in one sample, while Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) was detected in four samples. With this study, C. hominis was reported from humans for the first time in Turkey. Among infected ones, three of which were children, four patients excreted C. parvum oocysts had gastroenteritis, and a patient positive for C. hominis had gastroenteritis accompanied by nausea and vomiting. No Giardia spp. and Entamoeba spp. were detected in all infected individuals. Conclusion:C. parvum cases outnumbered C. hominis cases, suggesting a zoonotic transmission although infected individuals were living in an urban area where animal husbandry was not allowed. However, water-borne pathogen contamination in the city's water supply is considered a factor for transmission.Keywords: Cryptosporidiosis, human, Turkey, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism Amaç: Cryptosporidiosis dünya çapında bir zoonozdur. Mikroskopik muayene, etken türlerin belirgin olmayan morfolojik özellikleri nedeniyle başarısız olabilir. Bu nedenle moleküler tanı daha da önem kazanmıştır.Yöntemler: Cryptosporidium spp. oosistlerini belirlemek için 150 hastanın dışkı örnekleri karbol-fuksin boya kullanılarak incelendi. Pozitif örneklerde farklı türlerin belirlenmesi için nested polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu-restriksiyon parça uzunluk polimorfizmi (PZR-RPUP) kullanıldı. Örnekler, diğer parazitler için yaş preparasyon ve çinko sülfat flotasyonu yöntemleriyle de araştırıldı. Bulgular:Mikroskobik muayene ve moleküler yöntemlerle sırasıyla %0,67 (1/150) ve %8,93 (5/56) pozitiflik saptandı. Nested PZR-RPUP bir örnekte Cryptosporidium hominis'in (C. hominis), dört örnekte ise Cryptosporidium parvum'un (C. parvum) saptanmasına olanak verdi. Bu çalışma ile C. hominis Türkiye'de ilk kez insanlarda bildirildi. Enfekte olanlar arasında üçü çocuktu, dışkısında C. parvum oosistleri görülen dört hastada gastroenterit, C. hominis pozitif olan bir hastada ise mide bulantısı ve kusmanın eşlik ettiği gastroenterit vardı. Enfekte kişilerin hiçbirinde Giardia spp. ve Entamoeba spp. saptanmadı. Sonuç: C. parvum olgularının C. hominis olgularından fazla olması, enfekte kişilerin hayvancılık yapılmasına izin verilmeyen kentsel alanda yaşamasına rağmen, bir zoonotik bulaşma olduğ...

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Detection of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis in human patients in Cairo, Egypt

Cited by 55 publications

References 29 publications

Cryptosporidiosis in patients with diarrhea and chronic liver diseases

Cryptosporidiosis in patients with diarrhea and chronic liver diseases

Predominance of Cryptosporidium parvum genotype among diarrheic children from Egypt as an indicator for zoonotic transmission

Cryptosporidiosis in Humans with Reference to the First Case of Cryptosporidium hominis Infection in Turkey

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