Detection of Cryptosporidium parvum in calf feces using microscopical, serological, and molecular methods

Felefel, Wael; Abdel-Rady, Ahmed; El-Rahim, Ibrahim Abd; Elkamshishi, Mohamed Morsi; Mostafa, Walaa

doi:10.33899/ijvs.2022.134661.2390

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 34 publications

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“…63 The diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis in dairy calves can be challenging, as the clinical signs can be similar to those of other gastrointestinal diseases. However, several diagnostic methods are available, including fecal examination, antigen detection assays, and molecular techniques, as described in a review by 70 and. 68 The treatment of the infection in dairy calves involves rehydration, electrolyte therapy, and supportive care.…”

Section: Protozoa Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eukaryotic Infections in Dairy Calves: Impacts, Diagnosis, and Strategies for Prevention and Control

Robi,

Mossie,

Temteme

2023

VMRR

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Eukaryotic infections are common among dairy calves and can have significant impacts on their health and growth rates. Fungal infections caused by Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichophyton verrucosum , and Candida albicans can cause respiratory diseases, dermatophytosis, and diarrhea, respectively. Protozoan parasites, including Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia duodenalis , and Eimeria spp ., are also common in dairy calves. C. parvum is highly contagious and can cause severe diarrhea and dehydration, while Giardia duodenalis can lead to poor growth and is transmissible to humans through contaminated food or water. Eimeria spp . can cause coccidiosis and lead to reduced growth rates, poor feed conversion, and death. The common helminthic infections in dairy calves include Ostertagia ostertagi, Cooperia spp., Fasciola hepatica , and Strongyloides papillosus . These parasitic infections significantly impact calf health, growth, and dairy industry productivity. Diagnosis of these infections can be made through fecal samples using microscopy or molecular methods. However, diagnosis of the infections can be challenging and requires a combination of clinical signs and laboratory tests such as culture and PCR. Preventing and controlling eukaryotic infections in dairy calves requires several measures. Good hygiene and sanitation practices, proper management strategies, and timely treatment of affected animals are important. It is also necessary to avoid overcrowding and consider vaccination against ringworm. Further research is needed to better understand the epidemiology and characterization of eukaryotic infections in dairy calves, which will help in the development of more effective prevention and control strategies. In general, good hygiene practices, appropriate management strategies, and timely treatment of affected animals are crucial in preventing and controlling the infections, ensuring the health and well-being of dairy calves.

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Section: Protozoa Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eukaryotic Infections in Dairy Calves: Impacts, Diagnosis, and Strategies for Prevention and Control

Robi,

Mossie,

Temteme

2023

VMRR

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Impact of Cryptosporidium parvum infection on glucose transport and metabolism in calves: Physiological and molecular insight

Krasilnikova,

Kuzmina,

Philippova

2024

Research in Veterinary Science

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Evaluating prevalence, risk factors, and diagnostic techniques for Cryptosporidium infection in goats and surrounding water sources

Rafiq,

Khan,

Khan

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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BackgroundCryptosporidium spp. are protozoan parasites that infect the gastrointestinal tract of various animals, including goats, and can also contaminate water sources, posing a significant public health risk. Detecting Cryptosporidium oocysts in fecal and water samples is critical for understanding the epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis and implementing appropriate control measures. Various staining methods, such as the Modified Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) and Kenyon’s Acid-Fast (KAF) staining techniques, are employed to identify these oocysts. This study compared the effectiveness of these two staining methods in detecting Cryptosporidium oocysts in goat feces and water samples across different geographic regions in district of Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, and other factors such as genders, age groups, diarrheal statuses, and feeding regimes.MethodsA total of 300 fecal and 300 water samples were collected from goats and water sources in four geographic regions: Tehsil Katlang, Tehsil Takhtbhai, Tehsil Mardan, and Tehsil Lundkhwarh. Samples were categorized based on gender, age group (<1 year, 1–2 years, and >2 years), diarrheal status, and feeding regime (stall feeding, grazing). The two staining methods, ZN and KAF staining, were employed to detect Cryptosporidium oocysts. The detection rates were calculated, and statistical analyses were performed to compare the effectiveness of the two methods across different categories.ResultsThe overall detection rates of Cryptosporidium oocysts for fecal samples were 61.00% (95% CI: 55.22–66.55%) using the ZN method and 63.33% (95% CI: 57.60–68.79%) using KAF method, with no significant difference (p > 0.05). The highest detection rate was observed in Tehsil Katlang (70.66%) with the ZN method and in both Tehsil Katlang and Takhtbhai (66.66%) with the KAF staining method, having no significant difference (p > 0.05). Gender-wise analysis in fecal samples showed similar detection rates for males and females, with no significant differences. Age-wise, the highest detection rates were found in the youngest age group (<1 year) using the ZN method, and in the oldest age group (>2 years) using KAF staining, with no significant differences between age groups. Diarrheal status analysis indicated higher detection rates in diarrheic goats for both methods, with the highest detection rate in the diarrheic group of Tehsil Katlang (84.61%) using the ZN method. Feeding regime analysis showed no significant differences between stall-fed and grazing goats. For water samples, the detection rates of Cryptosporidium oocysts were significantly different between the two methods. The ZN technique had a significantly higher overall detection rate of 16.00% (95% CI: 12.03–20.64%) compared to 1.00% (95% CI: 0.20–2.89%) for KAF staining (p < 0.001). The performance of the two staining methods for the detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in contaminated water samples from different geographic regions was also presented.ConclusionBoth ZN and KAF staining methods are effective for detecting Cryptosporidium oocysts in goat feces. However, in water samples, the ZN method showed a significantly higher detection rate compared to KAF staining method, suggesting its suitability for environmental surveillance. These findings highlight the importance of integrating reliable diagnostic techniques with public health interventions to mitigate the zoonotic risks of cryptosporidiosis.

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Detection of Cryptosporidium parvum in calf feces using microscopical, serological, and molecular methods

Cited by 4 publications

References 34 publications

Eukaryotic Infections in Dairy Calves: Impacts, Diagnosis, and Strategies for Prevention and Control

Eukaryotic Infections in Dairy Calves: Impacts, Diagnosis, and Strategies for Prevention and Control

Impact of Cryptosporidium parvum infection on glucose transport and metabolism in calves: Physiological and molecular insight

Evaluating prevalence, risk factors, and diagnostic techniques for Cryptosporidium infection in goats and surrounding water sources

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