Detection of Current Transformer Saturation Based on Machine Learning

Abstract

One of the tasks in the operation of electric power systems is the correct functioning of the protection system and emergency automation algorithms. Instrument voltage and current transformers, operating in accordance with the laws of electromagnetism, are most often used for information support of the protection system and emergency automation algorithms. Magnetic core saturation of the specified current transformers can occur during faults. As a result, the correct functioning of the protection system and emergency automation algorithms is compromised. The consequences of current transformers saturation are mostly reflected in the main protections of network elements operating on a differential principle. This work aims to consider the analysis of current transformer saturation detection methods. The problem of identifying current transformer saturation is reduced to binary classification, and methods for solving the problem based on artificial neural networks, support vector machine, and decision tree algorithms are proposed. Computational experiments were performed, and their results were analyzed with imbalanced (dominance of the number of current transformer saturation modes over the number of modes with its normal operation) and balanced classes 0 (no current transformer saturation) and 1 (current transformer saturation).

Fault Detection and Normal Operating Condition in Power Transformers via Pattern Recognition Artificial Neural Network

“…Recognizing this limitation, numerous studies have focused on extracting knowledge from artificial neural networks and developing explanatory techniques to provide insights into the network's behavior in particular situations [15,27]. Hence, it should be observed that each time the network undergoes retraining, a distinct value will be obtained [13,27]. Figure 5 presents the flowchart of the PRN network used to classify the operating conditions of a power transformer.…”

“…The experimental findings demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves a high level of classification accuracy and provides precise health assessments for power transformers. Topics related to the application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in the analysis of the operating conditions of power transformers and electrical energy systems have currently received attention [13][14][15]. In recent years, a series of studies and research have been published in this field, demonstrating the growing interest and relevance of these approaches [16][17][18][19].…”