Detection of cyanide by a novel probe with a V-shaped structure based on aggregation of the probe adduct

Abstract

A novel V-shaped probe is reported with extremely rapid response, high selectivity and very low detection limit to cyanide anions in aqueous solution based on the intensely emissive aggregates of the probe adduct.

Aggregation Induced Emissive Luminogens for Sensing of Toxic Elements

“…However, the chemosensor for cyanide depend mostly on deprotonation approach, hydrogen bonding interaction, nucleophilic addition reaction are the most important approaches in designing the strategy for sensing CN − . [ 24 , 25 ] Chen and co‐workers designed a novel AIE‐active molecule 3 which exhibit turn‐off fluorescence towards CN‐ upon nucleophilic addition on the vinylic bond of the probe as shown in (Figure 6 ). [26] The probe was synthesized by reacting 2‐benzothiazoleacetonitrile and 4‐(diphenylamino)‐benzaldehyde and showed excellent AIE active property.…”

“…Fluorescent and colorimetric methods have proved to be the most important and found to be successful based on various mechanism such as intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), photoinduced electron transfer (PET), excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and metal ligand charge transfer. However, the chemosensor for cyanide depend mostly on deprotonation approach, hydrogen bonding interaction, nucleophilic addition reaction are the most important approaches in designing the strategy for sensing CN − [24,25] . Chen and co‐workers designed a novel AIE‐active molecule 3 which exhibit turn‐off fluorescence towards CN‐ upon nucleophilic addition on the vinylic bond of the probe as shown in (Figure 6).…”

Recent Advances in Aggregation-Induced Emission Chemosensors for Anion Sensing

“…Nucleophilic attack of cyanide can also occur on other electron-poor functional groups, making these useful in the design of cyanide chemosensors, such as the indolium moiety of B7 and ethylene-barbiturate group of B8 [80,81] . Nucleophilic attack of cyanide occurred at 2-position carbon of the indolium moiety in B7 , whereas the same attack happened at the vinyl carbon of the C=C bond bridging barbiturate group and carbazole moiety in B8 .…”

“…It is worth noting that the cyanide-sensitive indolium group has been utilized in an earlier report of AIE-based cyanide sensor whereby it was attached to TPE via an ethylene bridge at the 2- position, and a green emission turn-on was observed upon positive detection of cyanide with a detection limit of 91 nM (vs. LOD of 55 nM for B7 ) [88]. A blue emission turn-on was observed for aqueous solution of B7 upon exposure to cyanide due to the aggregation of the resultant insoluble cyanated adduct [80], whereas aggregate solution of B8 revealed a turn-off of orange emission due to the disaggregation of soluble cyanated adduct (Figure 7a,b) [81].…”

“…( a ) Photos showing colour and fluorescence change of B7 in water before and after addition of cyanide. Reproduced with permission from [80]. Copyright 2016, the Royal Society of Chemistry.…”