Detection of dopamine by a minimized electrochemical sensor using a graphene oxide molecularly imprinted polymer modified micropipette tip shaped graphite electrode

Abstract

A simple and efficient electrochemical sensor based on a homemade reshaped micropipette tip carbon paste electrode is reported. Molecularly imprinted polymer membranes of graphene oxide and polypyrrole are synthesized and modified on the surface of micropipette tip carbon paste electrode. The merit of the method is evaluated under optimized conditions via differential pulse voltammetrics. The prepared sensor exhibits remarkable sensitivity toward dopamine with a linear range of 6.4 × 10−8–2 × 10−4 M, with a limit of detection as low as 1 × 10−8 M. The proposed method is applied for the determination of dopamine in urine samples by the standard addition route. A range of 1 × 10−7–1 × 10−4 M is obtained from these samples. The relative recoveries are in the range of 95.2%–104%. The proposed method has acceptable performance for the determination of dopamine in real samples with excellent sensitivity and selectivity.

Electrochemical Sensing of Dopamine Using Polypyrrole/Molybdenum Oxide Bilayer-Modified ITO Electrode

“…A CuO/PVA-modified GCE-based electrochemical sensor was reported for the detection of DA; it showed high sensitivity with a LOD of 0.017 μM [ 68 ]. Molecularly imprinted polymer membranes of graphene oxide and PPy-modified micropipette tip carbon paste electrode have been used for detecting DA within a range from 6.4 × 10 −8 to 2 × 10 −4 M, with a LOD of 1 × 10 −8 M [ 69 ]. Furthermore, a smartphone-based electrochemical DA sensor was reported.…”

A Simple Over-Oxidized Molecularly Imprinted Polypyrrole for the Sensitive Detection of Dopamine in Human Serum

“…Low concentrations of dopamine in the central nervous system cause several neurological diseases [4], such as schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease [5] [6]. Therefore, detecting and determining the DA concentration in the biological medium with a sensitive method is quite important for diagnosis [7] [8]. Various methods were applied for the DA detection, such as spectrophotometry [9], liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detection (LC-ECD) [10], colorimetric [11], fluorescence [12] and electrochemical sensors [13].…”

“…Among them, an electrochemical sensor based on MIP was manufactured by electropolymerization of pyrrole in the presence of DA, on a carbon aerogel surface (CA); the obtained detection limit is 0.0004 µM [24]. Recently, molecularly imprinted polymer membranes of polypyrrole, including graphene oxide, were immobilized on the surface of micropipette tip carbon paste electrode (GO-MIP-PTE) for dopamine detection, a detection limit of the order of 10 −8 M was obtained [8].…”