Detection of dwarf gourami iridovirus (Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus) in populations of ornamental fish prior to and after importation into Australia, with the first evidence of infection in domestically farmed Platy (Xiphophorus maculatus)

Rimmer, Anneke E.; Becker, Joy A.; Tweedie, Alison; Lintermans, Mark; Landos, Matt; Stephens, Frances; Whittington, Richard J.

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.09.008

Cited by 56 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In a histopathological manner, hypertrophic cells with large basophilic cytoplasmic inclusions can be found in internal organs (Gibson‐Kueh et al., ; He et al., ). Outbreaks have occurred most frequently in East and South‐East Asia (Subramaniam, Shariff, Omar, & Hair‐Bejo, ), although the international trade of ornamental fish has aided the spread of these viruses to Europe (Jung‐Schroers et al., ; Sriwanayos et al., ) and Australia (Mohr et al., ; Nolan, Stephens, Crockford, Jones, & Snow, ; Rimmer, Whittington, Tweedie, & Becker, ; Rimmer et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First description of a natural infection with spleen and kidney necrosis virus in zebrafish

Bermúdez

Losada

Azevedo

et al. 2018

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Zebrafish has become a popular research model in the last years, and several diseases affecting zebrafish research facilities have been reported. However, only one case of naturally occurring viral infections was described for this species. In 2015, infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) was detected in zebrafish from a research facility in Spain. Affected fish showed lethargy, loss of appetite, abnormal swimming, distention of the coelomic cavity and, in the most severe cases, respiratory distress, pale gills and petechial haemorrhages at the base of fins. Cytomegaly was the most relevant histopathological finding in organs and tissues, sometimes associated to degenerative and necrotic changes. ISKNV belongs to the relatively newly defined genus Megalocytivirus, family Iridoviridae, comprising large, icosahedral cytoplasmic DNA viruses. This is the first case of naturally occurring Megalocytivirus infection in zebrafish research facilities, associated with morbidity. The virus has been identified based on both pathologic and genetic evidence, to better understand the pathogenesis of the infection in zebrafish and the phylogenetic relationship with other iridoviruses. Given the ability of megalocytiviruses to cross-species boundaries, it seems necessary to implement stringent biosecurity practices as these infections may invalidate experimental data and have major impact on laboratory and cultured fish.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First description of a natural infection with spleen and kidney necrosis virus in zebrafish

Bermúdez

Losada

Azevedo

et al. 2018

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…In 2015, Rimmer et al 13 found a positive result in several species of fish. The majority of the animals with positive results in the PCR were apparently healthy and had a low viral load, which indicates that certain species are potential reservoirs of the virus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of Megalocytivirus in Red Piranhas (Pygocentrus nattereri) by Molecular Diagnosis in Brazil

Cardoso¹

2017

IJAWB

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The genus Megalocytivirus belongs to the family Iridoviridae and due to the high mortality rates among infected animals, represents a significant threat to world aquaculture. The affected fish present general and nonspecific symptoms, which makes the early diagnosis of the infection difficult. Nine samples from ornamental fish of the species Poecilia reticulata and Pygocentrus nattereri with nonspecific symptomatology were submitted to molecular diagnosis for Megalocytivirus through the PCR technique. Infection by this genus was detected in 100% of the analyzed samples, and three of them were sent for sequencing. All samples showed identity values of 100% with the Megalocytivirus Sabah/RAA1/2012 strain BMGIV48 described in Malaysia. These results indicate, for the first time, the circulation of Megalocytivirus among Brazilian ornamental fish, which emphasizes the necessity of larger studies regarding this important viral genus. Keywords

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“…Persistent subclinical infection with megalocytivirus (MCV) illustrates the variability in analyte distribution within a population that will alter PSe in a population‐dependent manner. Rimmer et al () identified populations of ornamental fish in Australian quarantine facilities with prevalence between 1% and 70%. The concentration of MCV DNA in tissues ranged from 2 to 6 orders of magnitude between individuals within populations, independent of prevalence.…”

Section: Recommended Criteria For Pooling Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

To pool or not to pool? Guidelines for pooling samples for use in surveillance testing of infectious diseases in aquatic animals

Laurin

Thakur

Mohr

et al. 2019

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Samples from multiple animals may be pooled and tested to reduce costs of surveillance for infectious agents in aquatic animal populations. The primary advantage of pooling is increased population‐level coverage when prevalence is low (<10%) and the number of tests is fixed, because of increased likelihood of including target analyte from at least one infected animal in a tested pool. Important questions and a priori design considerations need to be addressed. Unfortunately, pooling recommendations in disease‐specific chapters of the 2018 OIE Aquatic Manual are incomplete and, except for amphibian chytrid fungus, are not supported by peer‐reviewed research. A systematic review identified only 12 peer‐reviewed aquatic diagnostic accuracy and surveillance studies using pooled samples. No clear patterns for pooling methods and characteristics were evident across reviewed studies, although most authors agreed there is a negative effect on detection. Therefore, our purpose was to review pooling procedures used in published aquatic infectious disease research, present evidence‐based guidelines, and provide simulated data examples for white spot syndrome virus in shrimp. A decision tree of pooling guidelines was developed for use by peer‐reviewed journals and research institutions for the design, statistical analysis and reporting of comparative accuracy studies of individual and pooled tests for surveillance purposes.

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Detection of dwarf gourami iridovirus (Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus) in populations of ornamental fish prior to and after importation into Australia, with the first evidence of infection in domestically farmed Platy (Xiphophorus maculatus)

Cited by 56 publications

References 41 publications

First description of a natural infection with spleen and kidney necrosis virus in zebrafish

First description of a natural infection with spleen and kidney necrosis virus in zebrafish

First report of Megalocytivirus in Red Piranhas (Pygocentrus nattereri) by Molecular Diagnosis in Brazil

To pool or not to pool? Guidelines for pooling samples for use in surveillance testing of infectious diseases in aquatic animals

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