Detection of Enteric Viruses and Core Microbiome Analysis in Artisanal Colonial Salami-Type Dry-Fermented Sausages from Santa Catarina, Brazil

Abstract

Microbial fermentation plays an important role in the manufacturing of artisanal sausages and can have major effects on product quality and safety. We used metagenomics and culture-dependent methods to study the presence of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) and Rotavirus A (RV-A), and fungal and bacterial communities, in artisanal Colonial salami-type dry-fermented sausages in Santa Catarina state, Brazil. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast dominated the microbiome. Latilactobacillus sakei and Debaryomyces hansenii were ubiquitous and the most abundant species. The DNA of some foodborne pathogens was found in very low concentrations although viable cells of most of these species were undetectable by cultivation methods. The characteristics of the raw material and hygiene of the artisanal sausage manufacturing process resulted in high loads of beneficial microorganisms and the absence of HEV and RV-A viruses as determined by RT-qPCR assays. In conclusion, high LAB load in sausages was more relevant to preventing pathogen growth than the ripening time and/or physicochemical characteristics. However, the presence of Clostridium spp. and other pathogens in some samples must be taken into account for the development of future preservation methods; appropriate LAB starter cultures and health surveillance are required in the production process to prevent foodborne outbreaks.

Human microbiomes in cancer development and therapy

“…Intratumoral injection of Corynebacterium acnes induced Th1 cytokines such as IL‐12, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interferon (IFN), and inhibited the growth of melanoma cells. 211 , 212 …”

“…This indicates that Corynebacterium can promote the development of MM through an IL‐17‐dependent pathway. Intratumoral injection of Corynebacterium acnes induced Th1 cytokines such as IL‐12, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interferon (IFN), and inhibited the growth of melanoma cells 211,212 …”

“…Intratumoral injection of Corynebacterium acnes induced Th1 cytokines such as IL-12, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interferon (IFN), and inhibited the growth of melanoma cells. 211,212 Studies have shown that Fusobacterium upregulated cervical IL-4 and transforming growth factor 1 expression and inhibited the vaginal immune microenvironment. 133 In the vaginal microenvironment of cervical cancer patients, proinflammatory factors such as IL-36, chemotaxis factors such as IFN-induced protein 10 (IP10), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 (MIP-1β), and RANTES, hematopoiesis factors such as FLT3 ligand, and adaptive immune response cytokines such as IL-2, IL-4, and soluble CD40 ligand were associated with increased nonlactobacilli microbial growth.…”

New Insights into Food Fermentation

“…Degenhardt et al [8] studied the presence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) and rotavirus-A (RV-A), as well as fungal and bacterial communities, using metagenomics and culturedependent methods in artisanal colonial salami-type dry-fermented sausages from Brazil. LAB and yeasts dominated the microbiome.…”