Detection of equid herpesviruses among different Arabian horse populations in Egypt

Azab, Walid; Bedair, Sameh; Abdelgawad, Azza; Eschke, Kathrin; Farag, Gemelat K; Abdel-Raheim, Ali; Greenwood, Alex D.; Osterrieder, Nikolaus; Ali, Ahmed

doi:10.1002/vms3.176

Cited by 27 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Herein, the frequency of EHV-2 was detected in 33% which is lower than the percentage in Turkey 59% (41), Algeria 90% (42), and France 50% (28) whereas our data is comparable with those obtained by Azab et al (43) in Egypt as the percentage was 38%. However, these studies have been performed by examination of different sample types such as respiratory or genital tissues and this could explain the discrepancies with our data.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Development of in-house Taqman qPCR assay to detect equine herpesvirus-2 in Al-Qadisiyah city

Al-Saadi¹

2020

IJVS

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EHV-2 is distributed in horses globally. It is clustered within gamma-herpesvirus subfamily and percavirus genus. EHV-2 infection has two phases: latent and lytic. In the later, EHV-2 mainly associated with respiratory and genital symptoms. However, in the quiescent phase of infection, EHV-2 stay dormant in the host till viral reactivation. Our previous study has showed that EHV-2 can be harboured by equine tendons, suggesting that leukocytes possibly carrying EHV-2 for the systemic dissemination. So far, numerous PCR protocols have been performed targeting the gB gene. However, this gene is heterogenic. Therefore, there is a need to develop a quantitative diagnostic approach to detect the quiescent EHV-2 strains. To do this, Taqman qPCR assay was developed to quantify the virus. This was performed by targeting a highly conserved gene known as DNA polymerase (DPOL) gene using constructed plasmid as a standard curve calibrator. The obtained results showed an infection frequency of 33% in which the EHV-2 load reached 6647 copies/100 ng DNA whereas the minimum load revealed as 2 copies/100 ng DNA. The median quantification was found as 141 copies/ 100 ng DNA. Establishment of a credited qPCR assay to quantify EHV-2 could be helpful in the control of the disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Development of in-house Taqman qPCR assay to detect equine herpesvirus-2 in Al-Qadisiyah city

Al-Saadi¹

2020

IJVS

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“…Azab et al [28] reported that the variation in the prevalence of the disease among studies is attributed to geographical variability and environmental factors. However, at present, a possible explanation of why equids residing in different agroecology have varying susceptibility to EHV infection could not be given.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection and Epidemiology of Equine Herpesvirus 2 and 5 in Working Equids in Central Ethiopia

Wondimagegnehu¹,

Leta²,

Amenu³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Equine respiratory illness is a common problem that impacts the performance of the working capacity of equids. In Ethiopia, respiratory disease is the most common presenting complaint at veterinary clinics and a priority concern for equid owners and veterinary practitioners. Although studies had been conducted in EHV-2 and EHV-5 elsewhere in the world, many unknowns remained. Thus, a detailed study is needed to understand more about the epidemiology of the viruses. This study aimed to detect EHV-2 and EHV-5 from working equids in central Ethiopia. Methods: Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 58 horses and donkeys to detect EHV-2 and EHV-5 using PCR. Viral DNA was extracted and PCR amplification was performed using virus-specific primers targeting the conserved region of glycoprotein B (gB) genes.Results: From 58 equids, EHV-5 and EHV-2 were detected in 20 (34.5%) and 19 (32.8%) equids, respectively. Concurrent infection with EHV-2 and EHV-5 was found in 6 (10.3%) diseased equids. EHV-2 was detected in a significantly higher proportion (P = 0.002) in horses (54.5%; n = 18) than donkeys (4%; n = 1). In contrast, a significantly higher (P = 0.004) proportion of EHV-5 was detected in donkeys (56%; n =14) than horses (18.2%; n = 6). EHV-2 was detected in a significantly higher (P = 0.006) proportion in equids displaying signs of respiratory disease (16/33; 48.5%) compared to those without disease (3/25; 12%). EHV-2 positive equids were seven times more likely to display clinical signs of respiratory disease than EHV-2-negative equids (OR = 6.9; 95% CI: 1.72-27.60). For EHV-5, the observed difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.832). A significantly higher (P = 0.041) proportion of EHV-2 was detected in equids living in midland (52.9%; n = 9) compared with highland (24.4%; n = 10). Equids residing in the midland were four times more likely to be exposed to EHV-2 than highland equids (OR = 3.97; 95% CI: 1.05 - 14.89). Conclusion: EHV-2 and EHV-5 are highly prevalent both in horses and donkeys residing in central Ethiopia. Species-specific susceptibility differences in EHV-2 and EHV-5 infection are observed. The observed causal association between EHV-2-test-positive and the appearance of clinical signs of respiratory disorders should be further investigated.

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“…For diagnosis of EHV-4 infection, PCR has become the test of choice due to its high sensitivity and specificity. Nowadays, PCR has been routinely used as molecular diagnostic tool for equine herpes virus infections in various countries and many prevalence studies had been carried out using PCR as a single diagnostic tool (Ataseven et al, 2009;Mohamed et al, 2017;Negussie et al, 2017;Azab et al, 2019). The present study was carried out in small scale only to standardize a PCR test for diagnosis of EHV-4 infection at local level.…”

Section: Nucleic Acid Extraction and Pcr Amplificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Equine Herpes Virus 4 Infection using Polymerase Chain Reaction

Vala¹,

Patel²,

Patel³

et al. 2020

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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Detection of equid herpesviruses among different Arabian horse populations in Egypt

Cited by 27 publications

References 31 publications

Development of in-house Taqman qPCR assay to detect equine herpesvirus-2 in Al-Qadisiyah city

Development of in-house Taqman qPCR assay to detect equine herpesvirus-2 in Al-Qadisiyah city

Molecular Detection and Epidemiology of Equine Herpesvirus 2 and 5 in Working Equids in Central Ethiopia

Diagnosis of Equine Herpes Virus 4 Infection using Polymerase Chain Reaction

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