Detection of ESAT-6 by a label free miniature immuno-electrochemical biosensor as a diagnostic tool for tuberculosis

Development of ESAT-6 Based Immunosensor for the Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

“…When a protein molecule binds to an antibody, the insulating property of the electrode surface increases because of the non-conductive characteristics of the protein molecule. The insulation on the surface of the electrode blocks the movement of electrons, resulting in decrease of the peek currents during the CV analysis ( 17 ). Calibration data showed a good linearity (R 2 = 0.988) over the measured ESAT-6 concentration range ( Figure 4F ).…”

“…DSP interacts with the Ni NPs through Ni-sulfide bond. At the other end, it interacts with the antibody via amide bond ( 17 , 39 , 40 ). The DSP-coated electrodes were washed with acetone and distilled water to remove excess DSP from the electrode surface.…”

“…DSP contains two amine-reactive N-hydroxyl succinimide (NHS) esters that react with primary amines on the antibody to make a stable amide bond with subsequent release of the NHS group. Figure 1 describes the preparation- and surface modification steps for the sensing electrode schematically ( 17 , 39 , 40 ).…”

“…It should be noted that the Mtb -infected sputum and blood also contain other proteins such as CPF-10 and antigen-85, but monoclonal antibodies are specific to their antigens, binding only through a specific epitope ( 16 ). A gold-plated screen-printed electrode (SPE) has been successfully immobilized with the anti ESAT-6 antibody as the recognition element for the Mtb biomarker at 7 ng mL -1 ( 17 ). The electrochemical sensor showed a good linearity (0.992) over the measured concentration range.…”

Adolescents and young adults: a neglected population group for tuberculosis surveillance

“…For many countries, generally those with higher resources but lower burden of TB, TB cases are estimated using vital registration systems and are adjusted by a standard factor [28]. For other countries, the case detection rate is estimated based on notifications and prevalence survey data [29]. Few countries use data from capture-recapture analyses or from inventory studies [28].…”