Detection of Estrogen- and Dioxin-like Activity in Pulp and Paper Mill Black Liquor and Effluent Using in vitro Recombinant Receptor/Reporter Gene Assays

Tr, Zacharewski; Berhane, Kiflu; Be, Gillesby; Bk, Burnison

doi:10.1021/es00008a037

Cited by 102 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…The chlorine based bleaching agents cause formation of dioxins and furanes, chlorinated phenolics, such as chloroguaiacols and chlorocathecols (Knuutinen et al 1982;Zacharewski et al 1995;Kaplin et al 1997). The use of chlorine containing chemicals can be reduced by e.g.…”

Section: Effect Of Process Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractory organic pollutants and toxicity in pulp and paper mill wastewaters

Lindholm‐Lehto

Knuutinen

Ahkola

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

139

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Section: Effect Of Process Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractory organic pollutants and toxicity in pulp and paper mill wastewaters

Lindholm‐Lehto

Knuutinen

Ahkola

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

139

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“…Their binding affinity is related to the incidence and intensity of toxic effects (Lucier et al 1993, Hankinson 1995. Binding of a ligand to the AhR initiates a cascade of actions leading to enhanced transcription of AhRregulated genes and increases in activities of AhR responsive enzymes (Zacharewski et al 1995). Ethoxy resorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) is a member of the AhR-responsive enzymes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Detoxication Efficiencies of Wastewater Treatment Processes Using a Battery of Bioassays/Biomarkers

Wang

2005

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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Abstract. A battery of in vitro bioassays, including a Neutral Red (NR) assay using MCF-7 cells for predicting cytotoxic chemicals, an ethoxy resorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity assay using H4IIE cells to check for dioxin-like chemicals, and a recombinant gene yeast assay for screening estrogenic chemicals, was conducted to assess the removal efficiencies of trace toxic chemicals by different treatment processes in the waste water treatment plant (WWTP). The effluents were extracted by solid phase extraction (SPE) and were fractionated into three fractions based on polarities. The battery of bioassays was performed for each fraction. In the battery, the toxicities of the effluents were described according to their modes of actions (MOA) or biomarkers and the properties of the toxic chemicals were categorized by their polarities and MOAs. The proposed procedure could be used as a tool to diagnose the toxic characteristics of the complicate mixture. The results showed that cytotoxic, dioxin-like and estrogenic chemicals could be detected in all samples. In the influent, cytotoxic and dioxin-like chemicals were mainly in polar fraction and estrogenic chemicals were in non-polar and moderate-polar fractions. The secondary treatment (active sludge) could remove a small amount of these toxicants. Among different types of advanced treatments, flocculation was good enough to remove most of the cytotoxic chemicals and a combination of flocculation, ozone oxidation, and post-biological treatment could eliminate most of the dioxin-like and estrogenic chemicals.

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“…In addition, the estrogen antagonists, 4-hydroxytamoxifen (1(T 7 M) and ICI 182,780 (1(T 7 M), inhibited the agonist activity of E 2 (10~8 M) and OP (10~6 M) in the MCF-7 transcriptional assay system, again indicating that these effects were mediated by the estrogen receptor. Zacharewski et al (1995) used MCF-7 cells transiently transfected with a Gal4-estrogen receptor chimeric construct (Gal4-HEGO) and a Gal4-regulated luciferase reporter gene (17m5-G-Luc) to demonstrate that paper mill black liquor contains estrogenic components. The estrogen receptor-mediated induction by the black liquor was antagonized by the pure anti-estrogen, ICI 164,384.…”

Section: Estrogen Receptor-dependent Transcriptional Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%