Detection of estrous biomarkers in the body exudates of Kangayam cattle (Bos indicus) from interplay of hormones and behavioral expressions

Ramachandran, Rajamanickam; Vinothkumar, Arumugam; Sankarganesh, Devaraj; Suriyakalaa, Udhayaraj; Aathmanathan, Veeranarayanan Surya; Kamalakkannan, Soundararajan; Nithya, V.; Angayarkanni, Jayaraman; Archunan, ‪Govindaraju; Akbarsha, Mohammad A.; Achiraman, Shanmugam

doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.106392

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Hormonal changes, especially progesterone, were occurred when the animals experience estrous symptoms, whereas the progesterone level will increase at post-estrous compared with during estrous and preestrous stage (Ramachandran et al, 2020). The result of this study also showed that older cows produced a greater concentration of progesterone (Table 6).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Estrous Signs and Progesterone Profile of Ongole Grade Cows Synchronized at Different Ages Fed Different Level of Dietary Crude Protein

Hayati¹,

Panjono

Irawan

2021

Trop. Anim. Sci. J.

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This study aimed to evaluate the effects of concentrate supplementation containing different protein levels on estrous signs and progesterone profiles of two age groups of Ongole Grade cow. Thirty females cows were grouped according to their ages (G1= 25±1.6 months; G2= 37±1.7 months), where each group received 3 dietary treatments with 5 replicates. The dietary treatment was based on CP levels of total mixed ration (TMR) (T1= 7.41% CP; T2= 8.23% CP; and T3= 9.17% CP). The cows were synchronized using PGF2α and GnRH, followed by time-fixed artificial insemination (TAI) using frozen semen. Data on nutrient intake and progesterone concentration were subjected to a randomized complete block design of ANOVA following a factorial arrangement of 2×3 while data of estrous signs were analyzed using non-parametric methods of Kruskal-Wallis and independent t-test. The results showed that there was a significant interaction effect between age group and dietary TMR treatment on CP intake and TDN intake in which the highest intakes were found in older cows (G2) fed TMR at 7.41% CP (T1) (p<0.01). Dry matter intake (DMI) was not affected either by age group or level of concentrate supplementation. Results also suggested that estrous signs, including vulva redness, swollen vulva, and mucus discharge, were higher in older cows (G2) than in younger cows (G1). In addition, interactions were also found on progesterone levels, whereas younger cows (G1) fed TMR with 9.17% CP (T3) showed the highest concentration of progesterone on d 5, 17, and 21 (p<0.01). In conclusion, this study suggests that younger cows receiving the highest CP diet (T3) result in higher progesterone concentration during the experimental period. Therefore, it is important to fed sufficient dietary CP especially for cattle in early reproduction period to optimize the reproductive performance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Estrous Signs and Progesterone Profile of Ongole Grade Cows Synchronized at Different Ages Fed Different Level of Dietary Crude Protein

Hayati¹,

Panjono

Irawan

2021

Trop. Anim. Sci. J.

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“…Similarly, it has been reported that acetic acid, 2-butanone, and oleic acid are effective for better sexual preparation of Zebu bulls and total sperm output per ejaculation (Mondal et al, 2019). Furthermore, Ramachandran et al (2020) reported that butanoic acid, from which 2-butanol and 2-butanone are derived by oxidation, was specific to both estrous urine and cervical mucus in Bos indicus cows. Thus, the presence of 2-butanone in various sample matrices, and its elevated pattern of expression during estrus, leads us to conclude that it is likely to be an important pheromone component signaling estrus in cattle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Bulls exhibit this behavior in response to the presence of a mixture of volatile pheromones present in female excretions (Sankar and Archunan, 2004). Not only mucus but also urine and feces can be a source of volatile organic compounds (VOC) associated with estrus (Le Mozūraitis et al, 2017;Ramachandran et al, 2020). It has been reported that acetic acid, propionic acid, and 1-iodoundecane are present in bovine feces specifically at estrus, and application to the genital region of diestrous cows stimulated mounting behavior and the Flehmen response in bulls (Sankar and Archunan, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential of volatile organic compound analysis in cervicovaginal mucus to predict estrus and ovulation in estrus-synchronized heifers

Pluta

Jones²,

Drabińska

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Science

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Cervicovaginal mucus is a mixture of mucins, ions, salts, and water, the proportions of which change during the reproductive cycle. It is suspected that this mucus emits an important volatile signal indicative of the reproductive state of the female. The objective of this study was to identify volatile organic compounds (VOC) in bovine cervicovaginal mucus that are modulated during the estrous cycle and could potentially be used as biomarkers of estrus and ovulation. Cervicovaginal mucus was collected from crossbred beef heifers (n = 8), which were synchronized using an 8-d controlled internal drug release (CIDR) protocol and in which onset of estrus and time of ovulation were determined by visual observation and ultrasonography, respectively. Mucus samples were collected between 0 and 96 h after CIDR removal (estrus onset occurred at 49.1 ± 3.3 h after CIDR removal). A validation study was performed on an independent group of 15 heifers from which cervicovaginal mucus samples were collected every 8 h from 40 to 80 h after CIDR removal. The VOC in mucus were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and selected compounds were quantified using selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometry. The presence of 47 VOC was detected in mucus samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with those exhibiting highest abundance including 2-butanone, acetone, 2-pentanone, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, 1-(1-methylethoxy)-2-propanone, ethanol, 2-methyl-2-propanol, and 2-butanol. All VOC peaked between 24 to 47 h after the onset of estrus (ovulation occurred 26.6 ± 5.6 h after estrus onset). Two VOC, 2-pentanone and 4-methyl-2-pentanone, exhibited a significant increase at the onset of estrus, whereas concentration of 2-butanone increased significantly just after estrus onset, indicating that these VOC may be used as putative biomarkers of estrus. The results of our study may contribute to the development of a sensor device based on VOC to aid the detection of estrus and ovulation in cattle, with particular relevance for the dairy industry where the majority of females are bred by artificial insemination.

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“…Volatile organic compounds served as “potential oestrus indicators” in animals (Ramachandran et al, 2020). These compounds act as pheromones and chemo‐signalling in different species (Ramachandran et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of faecal volatiles and steroids with behavioural expression during oestrous cycle of sheep (Ovis aries)

Yaseen

Hussain

Hameed

2023

Reprod Domestic Animals

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This study was investigated to determine the faecal volatiles, steroid hormones and their correlation with behavioural signs during oestrous cycle in sheep (Ovis aries). This experiment was monitored from pro‐oestrous to met‐oestrous phases for correlation of endocrine dependence biochemical constituents in faeces and blood to detection of oestrous biomarkers. Medroxyprogesterone acetate sponges were used for 8 days to bring uniformity of oestrus in sheep. Faeces were collected during different phases of cycle and subjected to determination of fatty acids, minerals, oestrogens and progesterone analysis. Likewise, blood samples were also obtained for enzymatic and no‐enzymatic antioxidants. The results revealed that faecal progesterone and oestrogen levels significantly increased during pro‐oestrous and oestrous phase, respectively (p < .05). The blood plasma enzymatic levels showed significant demarcation during the oestrous phase than other periods (p < .05). There were also reported marked variations in volatile fatty acids across different phases of the oestrous cycle. Interestingly, methyl octanoate, methyl cis‐10 pentadecenoate and methyl heptadecanoate volatiles were found to be specific to oestrus period. In addition, methyl hexanoate, methyl palmitoleate and methyl cis‐9 oleate were identified in met‐oestrus, indicating their possible role to be an oestrous biomarker. It is concluded that the pattern of volatile compounds and faecal steroids, in association with behavioural patterns, could be measured as a non‐invasive method of heat detection in sheep.

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Detection of estrous biomarkers in the body exudates of Kangayam cattle (Bos indicus) from interplay of hormones and behavioral expressions

Cited by 10 publications

References 59 publications

Estrous Signs and Progesterone Profile of Ongole Grade Cows Synchronized at Different Ages Fed Different Level of Dietary Crude Protein

Estrous Signs and Progesterone Profile of Ongole Grade Cows Synchronized at Different Ages Fed Different Level of Dietary Crude Protein

The potential of volatile organic compound analysis in cervicovaginal mucus to predict estrus and ovulation in estrus-synchronized heifers

Association of faecal volatiles and steroids with behavioural expression during oestrous cycle of sheep (Ovis aries)

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