Detection of European Stone Fruit Yellows Phytoplasma (Esfyp) in Homoptera Insects and in Wild Stone Fruit Trees Collected in Peach Orchards in Northern Italy

Pollini, C. Poggi; Bissani, R.; Giunchedi, L.; Dradi, D.; Mōri, Nobuo; Visigalli, T.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2004.657.83

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…First of all, the entomological records on C. pruni across Europe are fully consistent with the demonstrated life cycle (including host alternation). In addition, C. pruni preference for overwintering at altitude has also been reported in Italy (32) and the Czech Republic (11), where ESFY is thus expected to spread at a regional scale. However, in northern Europe, there is no mention that C. pruni favors overwintering sites located at higher altitude; therefore, this feature might be an adaptation to warmer summers, increasing survival until the next breeding season through a reduction in the number of degree-days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Efficient Transmission of ‘CandidatusPhytoplasma prunorum’ Is Delayed by Eight Months Due to a Long Latency in Its Host-Alternating Vector

Thébaud¹,

Yvon²,

Alary³

et al. 2009

Phytopathology®

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Understanding at which spatiotemporal scale a disease causes significant secondary spread has both theoretical and practical implications. We investigated this issue in the case of European stone fruit yellows (ESFY), a quarantine vector-borne phytoplasma disease of Prunus trees. Our work was focused on the processes underlying disease spread: the interplay between the life cycles of the pathogen ('Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum') and of the vector (Cacopsylla pruni). We demonstrated experimentally that C. pruni has only one generation per year and we showed that, at least in southeastern France, C. pruni migrates between conifers in mountainous regions (where it overwinters) and Prunus spp. at lower altitude (where it breeds). In acquisition-inoculation experiments performed with C. pruni over its period of presence on Prunus spp., both immature and mature C. pruni were hardly infectious (0.6%) despite effective phytoplasma acquisition and multiplication. We demonstrated that most immature vectors born on infected plants reach their maximum phytoplasma load (10(7) genomes per insect) only after migrating to conifers and that, after a life-long retention of the phytoplasma, their transmission efficiency was very high (60%) at the end of winter (when they migrate back to their Prunus host). Thus, most transmissions occur only after an effective latency of 8 months, following vector migrations and overwintering on conifers in mountainous regions. From this transmission cycle, we can infer that local secondary spread of ESFY in apricot orchards is marginal, and recommend that disease management strategies take more into account the processes occurring at a regional scale, including the role of wild Prunus spp. in ESFY epidemics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Efficient Transmission of ‘CandidatusPhytoplasma prunorum’ Is Delayed by Eight Months Due to a Long Latency in Its Host-Alternating Vector

Thébaud¹,

Yvon²,

Alary³

et al. 2009

Phytopathology®

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Psyllid Vectors

Jarausch¹,

Tedeschi²,

Sauvion³

et al. 2019

Phytoplasmas: Plant Pathogenic Bacteria - II

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A Real-Time PCR Assay for the Detection of European Stone Fruit Yellows Phytoplasma (Esfyp) in Plant Propagation Material

Pignatta¹,

Pollini²,

Giunchedi³

et al. 2008

Acta Hortic.

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A severe outbreak of European Stone Fruit Yellows (ESFY) has been reported recently in apricot (Prunus armeniaca) orchards located in the province of Trento (Italy), where partial or total tree dieback caused major economic losses to growers. In order to prevent the disease spreading, the presence of ESFYP-vector, the psyllid Cacopsylla pruni, was monitored together with wild reservoirs of the phytoplasma. Five experimental orchards were planted using ESFYP-free material (cv. Bergeron and Goldrich grafted on "Wavit" or "Myrobolan 29C") to perform epidemiological studies. A multiplex real-time PCR procedure (TaqMan) was set up using two primers/probe combinations for simultaneous detection of ESFYP and host DNA, in order to avoid false negatives due to PCR inhibition. Real-time PCR assays were performed on: propagation material, groups of C. pruni (2 insects per group) and wild individuals of several Prunus spp. collected in areas close to the experimental orchards and individual samples from apricots showing ESFYP-like symptoms. The results obtained indicate that the primers/probe combination used in the real-time PCR procedure allows reliable and specific detection of ESFYP. The pathogen was detected in 93% of the apricot trees showing ESFYP-symptoms and in ~ 33% of the insect groups and in several wild species collected in different locations. No phytoplasmas were found in healthy plants or in propagation material. This result suggests that new infection of trees is presumably due to ESFYP transmission by vectors rather than by contamination of propagation material. Further research is in progress to check the presence of ESFYP-sources in wild plants close to experimental orchards and to monitor pathogen's dissemination. * including: 20 asymptomatic plants collected in the orchards, 203 samples from propagation material and 10 healthy apricots.

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Detection of European Stone Fruit Yellows Phytoplasma (Esfyp) in Homoptera Insects and in Wild Stone Fruit Trees Collected in Peach Orchards in Northern Italy

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Efficient Transmission of ‘CandidatusPhytoplasma prunorum’ Is Delayed by Eight Months Due to a Long Latency in Its Host-Alternating Vector

Efficient Transmission of ‘CandidatusPhytoplasma prunorum’ Is Delayed by Eight Months Due to a Long Latency in Its Host-Alternating Vector

Psyllid Vectors

A Real-Time PCR Assay for the Detection of European Stone Fruit Yellows Phytoplasma (Esfyp) in Plant Propagation Material

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