Detection of fault using local measurements at inverter interfaced distributed energy resources

Alexopoulos, T.; Biswal, Milan; Brahma, Sukumar; Khatib, Mohamed El

doi:10.1109/ptc.2017.7981089

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Mean of the fundamental frequency contours [25,30,35,36] Standard deviation of the fundamental frequency contours 32,33,35] Entropy of the fundamental frequency contours…”

Section: Attribute Estimation Number Of Features Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [28][29][30], the previous FD techniques are improved by considering to topology changes. The authors in [31,32] present a fault detector based on morphological techniques, transient content, and zero sequence current for adaptive overcurrent protection in distribution networks with increasing photovoltaic penetration as well as changing load conditions. The algorithm has built-in DC-offset suppression capability as well as recursive least square error filter for current phasor estimation to provide input to the overcurrent fault detector.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Intelligent Fault Detection System for Microgrids

et al. 2020

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The dynamic features of microgrid operation, such as on-grid/off-grid operation mode, the intermittency of distributed generators, and its dynamic topology due to its ability to reconfigure itself, cause misfiring of conventional protection schemes. To solve this issue, adaptive protection schemes that use robust communication systems have been proposed for the protection of microgrids. However, the cost of this solution is significantly high. This paper presented an intelligent fault detection (FD) system for microgrids on the basis of local measurements and machine learning (ML) techniques. This proposed FD system provided a smart level to intelligent electronic devices (IED) installed on the microgrid through the integration of ML models. This allowed each IED to autonomously determine if a fault occurred on the microgrid, eliminating the requirement of robust communication infrastructure between IEDs for microgrid protection. Additionally, the proposed system presented a methodology composed of four stages, which allowed its implementation in any microgrid. In addition, each stage provided important recommendations for the proper use of ML techniques on the protection problem. The proposed FD system was validated on the modified IEEE 13-nodes test feeder. This took into consideration typical features of microgrids such as the load imbalance, reconfiguration, and off-grid/on-grid operation modes. The results demonstrated the flexibility and simplicity of the FD system in determining the best accuracy performance among several ML models. The ease of design's implementation, formulation of parameters, and promising test results indicated the potential for real-life applications.Energies 2020, 13, 1223 2 of 21 as improved reliability, integration of renewable energies, reduction of network losses, and better voltage profile [7]. Nevertheless, microgrids present new challenges such as bidirectional power flow, considerable variations on fault currents levels, as well as power intermittency and quality issues, and additionally possible network reconfiguration, due to the presence of renewable energy sources [8]. Protection systems inside the distribution grid are particularly affected because they are based on the principle of overcurrent and unidirectional power flow [9]. Thus, traditional overcurrent protection schemes do not adequately protect microgrids [10].Several approaches have been proposed in the literature to deal with microgrid protection [11]. These protection schemes can be classified into three classes: external protection, adaptive protection, and fault detection. The external protection (EP) approach uses additional equipment such as reactances, super-capacitors, or fault current limiters (FCL) for preventing misfiring of the protection devices [12][13][14]. However, these solutions lack flexibility and, therefore, are not suitable for microgrids, where topology changes and DER connection/disconnection is possible [15]. The adaptive protection (AP) approach works online to dynamically modify protec...

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“…Mean of the fundamental frequency contours [25,30,35,36] Standard deviation of the fundamental frequency contours 32,33,35] Entropy of the fundamental frequency contours…”

Section: Attribute Estimation Number Of Features Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent Fault Detection System for Microgrids

et al. 2020

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“…Other techniques are based on inverter control to detect faults [17]- [20]. In [17] overcurrent relays are used with the coordination implemented in the inverter control whereby the current limiting strategy is modified for the inverter to adaptively inject current proportional to the distance to the fault.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This limitation also applies to the protection scheme proposed in [18] whereby directional overcurrent relays are used with the IIDER controller modified to inject harmonic currents detectable by the relays. [19], [20] have proposed fault detection using inverter output signals using transient monitoring function and transient content of inverter output respectively. However, these schemes are only limited to fault detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Cost Communication-Assisted Line Protection for Multi-Inverter Based Microgrids

Nsengiyaremye

Pal

Begović

2021

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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Multi-inverter microgrid systems, particularly those with loop topology, offer higher power supply reliability and robustness compared to conventional radial distribution systems. In meshed systems, communication-less protection schemes have proved to be ineffective for multi-inverter microgrids due to bidirectional power flow, and limited and controlled fault currents generated by the voltage source converters interfacing the energy source to the network. This makes communicationassisted line protection schemes preferable for such systems despite the necessity for communication means. While these protection schemes are effective, their reliability depends much on the communication availability. This requires a back-up communication path in case the main one fails bringing up the cost issue that hinders their uptake. This paper proposes a novel and low-cost line protection based on directional blocking strategy that can operate as a main as well as a back-up protection to any protection scheme using communication means between the line terminals. As the main, it requires low-bandwidth communication system. As a back-up, it would share the same communication means with the main one and use those of the healthy lines when the faulted line's fails. Thus saving the cost of back-up communication system.

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Protection of systems containing IBR from asymmetrical ground faults using zero sequence current with hardware implementation on FPGA

Pannell,

Gokaraju

2024

IET Generation Trans & Dist

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The addition of inverter‐based generation to the power system complicates protective relaying in several ways: the magnitude of the fault current will be altered based upon the location of the fault relative to the inverter‐based resource, and the response to a fault will be different than traditional generation. The relatively low fault current of inverter‐based resources presents difficulties in differentiating faults from increased loads. Additionally negative sequence relays may fail in the presence of IBR's due to the negligible negative sequence current produced by the IBR during a fault. This paper presents a novel method to allow the sensitive sub‐cycle detection, and determination of the relative location, of asymmetrical ground in systems containing inverter‐based resources through phasor analysis of zero sequence current. Least Error Squares Estimation is applied to the fault currents to improve the detection time of these faults, with low computational overheard for hardware implementation. Hardware implementation of the protection scheme on an Intel Cyclone IV‐E FPGA is completed and correct operation of the scheme is verified for the raw samples, as well as five and seven sample LES phasor estimations. Hardware testing is compared to the EMT output to confirm the results.

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Detection of fault using local measurements at inverter interfaced distributed energy resources

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Intelligent Fault Detection System for Microgrids

Intelligent Fault Detection System for Microgrids

Low-Cost Communication-Assisted Line Protection for Multi-Inverter Based Microgrids

Protection of systems containing IBR from asymmetrical ground faults using zero sequence current with hardware implementation on FPGA

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