Detection of feigned recognition memory impairment using the old/new effect of the event-related potential

Tardif, Hilarie; Barry, Robert J.; Fox, Allison M.; Johnstone, Stuart J.

doi:10.1016/s0167-8760(00)00083-0

Cited by 38 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…These results support Clark and Johnson (1970)"s finding that the pupil effect is not under voluntary control and show that it is independent of participants" actual response. A similar argument has been made concerning the ERP old/new effect, and has been used to support its potential use as an index of malingering (Tardif et al, 2000;van Hooff et al, 2009). In a recent study, however, the ERP old/new effect was not observed in a group of participants instructed to malinger (Vagnini, Berry, Clark, & Jiang, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…For example earlier and larger parietal late positive components (LPCs) have been found in response to the presentation of old learned items compared to new items during recognition memory (Warren, 1980;van Hooff, Brunia, & Allen, 1996;Friedman & Johnson, 2000). One potential role for psychophysiological indices of mnemonic processes such as the ERP and pupil old/new effects is in identifying people who feign memory loss (eg Browndyke et al, 2008;Tardif, Barry, Fox, & Johnstone, 2000;van Hooff, Sargeant, Foster, & Schmand, 2009). Tardif et al (2000) for example reasoned that if the ERP old/new effect is not under conscious control then it should be detectable in people feigning amnesia.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…One potential role for psychophysiological indices of mnemonic processes such as the ERP and pupil old/new effects is in identifying people who feign memory loss (eg Browndyke et al, 2008;Tardif, Barry, Fox, & Johnstone, 2000;van Hooff, Sargeant, Foster, & Schmand, 2009). Tardif et al (2000) for example reasoned that if the ERP old/new effect is not under conscious control then it should be detectable in people feigning amnesia. In their experiment, participants learned a set of words before completing a recognition memory test.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Keeping an eye on the truth? Pupil size changes associated with recognition memory

Heaver

Hutton

2011

Memory

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During recognition memory tests participants" pupils dilate more when they view old items compared to novel items. We sought to replicate this "pupil old/new effect" and to determine its relationship to participants" responses. We compared changes in pupil size during recognition when participants were given standard recognition memory instructions, instructions to feign amnesia and instructions to report all items as new. Participants" pupils dilated more to old items compared to new items under all three instruction conditions. This finding suggests that the increase in pupil size that occurs when participants encounter previously studied items is not under conscious control. Given that pupil size can be reliably and simply measured, the pupil old/new effect may have potential in clinical settings as a means for determining whether patients are feigning memory loss.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Keeping an eye on the truth? Pupil size changes associated with recognition memory

Heaver

Hutton

2011

Memory

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“…Similarly, equivalent LPC amplitudes are found no matter whether participants responded truthfully or deceptively in a task (R. J. Johnson, Barnhardt, & Zhu, 2003;Tardif, Barry, Fox, & Johnstone, 2000). Amnesic patients with bilateral lesions of the hippocampus show preserved N400 effects but an absence of LPC effects (Addante, Ranganath, Olichney, & Yonelinas, 2012;Duzel, Vargha-Khadem, Heinze, & Mishkin, 2001;Olichney, et al, 2000), consistent with the role of this ERP component in episodic memory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Personal semantics: Is it distinct from episodic and semantic memory? An electrophysiological study of memory for autobiographical facts and repeated events in honor of Shlomo Bentin

et al. 2016

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Declarative memory is thought to consist of two independent systems: episodic and semantic.Episodic memory represents personal and contextually unique events, while semantic memory represents culturally-shared, acontextual factual knowledge. Personal semantics refers to aspects of declarative memory that appear to fall somewhere in between the extremes of episodic and semantic. Examples include autobiographical knowledge and memories of repeated personal events. These two aspects of personal semantics have been studied little and rarely compared to both semantic and episodic memory. We recorded the event-related potentials (ERPs) of 27 healthy participants while they verified the veracity of sentences probing four types of questions: general (i.e., semantic) facts, autobiographical facts, repeated events, and unique (i.e., episodic) 2 events. Behavioral results showed equivalent reaction times in all 4 conditions. True sentences were verified faster than false sentences, except for unique events for which no significant difference was observed. Electrophysiological results showed that the N400 (which is classically associated with retrieval from semantic memory) was maximal for general facts and the LPC (which is classically associated with retrieval from episodic memory) was maximal for unique events. For both ERP components, the two personal semantic conditions (i.e., autobiographical facts and repeated events) systematically differed from semantic memory. In addition, N400 amplitudes also differentiated autobiographical facts from unique events. Autobiographical facts and repeated events did not differ significantly from each other but their corresponding scalp distributions differed from those associated with general facts. Our results suggest that the neural correlates of personal semantics can be distinguished from those of semantic and episodic memory, and may provide clues as to how unique events are transformed to semantic memory.

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“…Therefore, preparation for realization of one voluntary movement or another usually correlates with intense inhibitory synaptic processes developing in the cerebral cortex and cortex-associated CNS structures. It is not necessary to discuss the importance of cortical inhibition; we should only remember that the ratio of numbers of excitatory and inhibitory axo-somatic synapses on cortical pyramidal neurons (i.e., synapses localized on "strategically important" sites of the membrane of these neurons) is 1:4 [6][7][8]. However, most studies dealing with examination of the role of cortical neurons in the control of targeted behavioral acts mostly analyzed excitatory reactions of these cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of modulation of GABA-and noradrenergic transmission on impulse activity of neurons of the cat motor cortex related to realization of an operant reflex to the action of two signals

Mamontov

Busel

2007

Neurophysiology

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On unanesthetized cats trained to perform placing movements to the action of two subsequent signals (warning and imperative stimuli), we examined reflex-related impulse activity (IA) of neurons of the motor cortex (field 4) and simultaneous changes in the "slow" cortical potentials (SCP) in the vertex zone. In almost all cases under study, the shift in the SCP toward negativity was associated with a decrease in the frequency of IA within interstimulus intervals; this corresponded to a period of focusing of the animal's attention on the expected imperative stimulus. Using a microiontophoretic technique, we tried to elucidate the role of GABAand adrenergic cerebral systems in the genesis of such inhibitory periods. We conclude that, independently of each other but synchronously, both these systems can be involved in the maintenance of processes of active inhibition in the cerebral cortex under conditions of realization of an operant reflex.

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Detection of feigned recognition memory impairment using the old/new effect of the event-related potential

Cited by 38 publications

References 15 publications

Keeping an eye on the truth? Pupil size changes associated with recognition memory

Keeping an eye on the truth? Pupil size changes associated with recognition memory

Personal semantics: Is it distinct from episodic and semantic memory? An electrophysiological study of memory for autobiographical facts and repeated events in honor of Shlomo Bentin

Effects of modulation of GABA-and noradrenergic transmission on impulse activity of neurons of the cat motor cortex related to realization of an operant reflex to the action of two signals

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