Detection of feline coronavirus in cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis in cats with and without neurological signs

Doenges, Stephanie J; Weber, Karin; Dorsch, Roswitha; Fux, Robert; Fischer, Andrea; Matiasek, Lara; Matiasek, Kaspar; Hartmann, Katrin

doi:10.1177/1098612x15574757

Cited by 43 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In total, 699 tissue, fluid and faeces samples were analysed from 102 cats, 57 with FIP and 45 without FIP. This is a marked increase in the number of samples analysed as compared to most previous studies [20,21,29,30], and contains similar numbers of effusion samples to two previous studies [19,31]. Some studies have examined the use of FCoV RT-PCR alone in the diagnosis of FIP using fluid samples [29,31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…This is a marked increase in the number of samples analysed as compared to most previous studies [20,21,29,30], and contains similar numbers of effusion samples to two previous studies [19,31]. Some studies have examined the use of FCoV RT-PCR alone in the diagnosis of FIP using fluid samples [29,31]. Other studies [19,21] compared FCoV RT-PCR to FCoV RT-PCR in combination with characterisation of S gene mutations in the diagnosis of FIP using body cavity fluids, these derived similar sensitivity (72 to 85% for FCoV RT-PCR alone and 60 to 64% for FCoV RT-PCR and S gene mutations characterisation) and specificity (100% for both FCoV RT-PCR alone and FCoV RT-PCR and S gene mutations characterisation) as obtained in this study (sensitivity 78.4% for FCoV RT-PCR alone and 60% FCoV RT-PCR and S gene mutations characterisation; specificity 97.9 and 97.9% respectively).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Limitations of using feline coronavirus spike protein gene mutations to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis

Barker

Stranieri

Helps

et al. 2017

Vet Res

127

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Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal disease of cats, and a sequela of systemic feline coronavirus (FCoV) infection. Mutations in the viral spike (S) gene have been associated with FCoVs found in tissues from cats with FIP, but not FCoVs found in faeces from healthy cats, and are implicated in monocyte/macrophage tropism and systemic spread. This study was designed to determine whether S gene mutation analysis can reliably diagnose FIP. Cats were categorised as with FIP (n = 57) or without FIP (n = 45) based on gross post-mortem and histopathological examination including immunohistochemistry for FCoV antigen. RNA was purified from available tissue, fluid and faeces. Reverse-transcriptase quantitative-PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed on all samples using FCoV-specific primers, followed by sequencing of a section of the S gene on RT-qPCR positive samples. Samples were available from a total of 102 cats. Tissue, fluid, and faecal samples from cats with FIP were more likely to be FCoV RT-qPCR-positive (90.4, 78.4 and 64.6% respectively) than those from cats without FIP (7.8, 2.1 and 20% respectively). Identification of S gene mutated FCoVs as an additional step to the detection of FCoV alone, only moderately increased specificity for tissue samples (from 92.6 to 94.6%) but specificity was unchanged for fluid samples (97.9%) for FIP diagnosis; however, sensitivity was markedly decreased for tissue (from 89.8 to 80.9%) and fluid samples (from 78.4 to 60%) for FIP diagnosis. These findings demonstrate that S gene mutation analysis in FCoVs does not substantially improve the ability to diagnose FIP as compared to detection of FCoV alone.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13567-017-0467-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Limitations of using feline coronavirus spike protein gene mutations to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis

Barker

Stranieri

Helps

et al. 2017

Vet Res

127

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Thus, the combined serological and molecular protocol should improve the ability of laboratories to diagnose effusive FIP, especially if the test results are supported by clinical and haematological findings. However, intravitam diagnosis of non-effusive FIP still remains highly inconclusive, even if recent studies tried to address this issue (Doenges et al, 2016). Therefore, future studies are needed to develop and validate tools for the intra-vitam diagnosis of non-effusive FIP, which still represents a challenge for veterinary diagnosticians.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrepancies between feline coronavirus antibody and nucleic acid detection in effusions of cats with suspected feline infectious peritonitis

Lorusso

Mari

Losurdo

et al. 2019

Research in Veterinary Science

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Intra-vitam diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a challenge for veterinary diagnosticians, since there are no highly specific and sensitive assays currently available. With the aim to contribute to fill this diagnostic gap, a total of 61 effusions from cats with suspected effusive FIP were collected intra-vitam for detection of feline coronavirus (FCoV) antibodies and RNA by means of indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) assay and real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), respectively. In 5 effusions there was no evidence for either FCoV RNA or antibodies, 51 and 52 specimens tested positive by IIF and qRT-PCR, respectively, although antibody titres≥1:1600, which are considered highly suggestive of FIP, were detected only in 37 effusions. Three samples with high antibody levels tested negative by qRT-PCR, whereas 18 qRT-PCR positive effusions contained no or low-titre antibodies. qRT-PCR positive samples with low antibody titres mostly contained low FCoV RNA loads, although the highest antibody titres were detected in effusions with C values>30. In conclusion, combining the two methods, i.e., antibody and RNA detection would help improving the intra-vitam diagnosis of effusive FIP.

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“…After a second incubation period, the plate was washed and examined with a fluorescent microscope, and the antibody titer noted was expressed as the highest sample dilution with a positive reaction. In addition, CSF samples from 24 CSF antibody-positive and 21 CSF antibody negative cats were subjected to FCoV RT-PCR using the P205-P211 primer pair [13, 18] for definitive diagnosis of FIP, as the demonstration of FCoV RNA in CSF is highly suggestive of FIP [1, 8]. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CSF FCoV RNA was detected in all of 11 Group B cats in which RT-PCR assay was performed. It is considered that when FCoV RNA is detected in CSF, that animal is very likely to have FIP [1, 8]. Furthermore, the S/C of Group B cats (8 or lower) was markedly lower than normal range (256–2,048) [5, 11, 21].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline coronavirus antibody titer in cerebrospinal fluid from cats with neurological signs

Soma

Saito

Kawaguchi

et al. 2018

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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To investigate the utility of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) anti-feline coronavirus (FCoV) antibody test for diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), the antibody titers were tested in CSF and sera from 271 FIP-suspected neurological cats. CSF antibody was detected in 28 cats, which were divided into 2 groups; 15 with CSF titer of 1:80 or lower and 13 with CSF titer of 1:640 or higher. In the latter group, reciprocal serum titer/reciprocal CSF titer was 8 or lower, which is extremely lower than normal range (256-2048), and FCoV RNA was detected in all of 11 CSF samples assayed by RT-PCR. Our findings indicate that CSF titer of 1:640 or higher may be served as a candidate for the index for diagnosing FIP.

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Detection of feline coronavirus in cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis in cats with and without neurological signs

Cited by 43 publications

References 35 publications

Limitations of using feline coronavirus spike protein gene mutations to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis

Limitations of using feline coronavirus spike protein gene mutations to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis

Discrepancies between feline coronavirus antibody and nucleic acid detection in effusions of cats with suspected feline infectious peritonitis

Feline coronavirus antibody titer in cerebrospinal fluid from cats with neurological signs

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