Detection of Fissioning Materials Using a Neutron Source Based on a Compact Betatron

Головков, В. М.; Chakhlov, V.L.; Shtein, M. M.

doi:10.1023/b:aten.0000027881.42000.6e

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 2 publications

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“…Openvacuum and sealed-vacuum neutron generators are the most commonly used accelerators in these systems but other accelerator types including RFQ accelerators and betatrons have also been used. [296,297] A particularly large number of projects have worked to develop large-scale scanning systems to assay waste drums and waste crates. [298][299][300][301][302] In the well-defined geometry and constraints of these systems fissile material assay detection limits as low as 1 mg have been achieved.…”

Section: Fissionable Materials Analysis For Safeguardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and applications of neutrons using particle accelerators

Chichester

2009

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Advances in neutron science have gone hand in hand with the development and of particle accelerators from the beginning of both fields of study. Early accelerator systems were developed simply to produce neutrons, allowing scientists to study their properties and how neutrons interact in matter, but people quickly realized that more tangible uses existed too. Today the diversity of applications for industrial accelerator-based neutron sources is high and so to is the actual number of instruments in daily use is high, and they serve important roles in the fields where they're used. This chapter presents a technical introduction to the different ways particle accelerators are used to produce neutrons, an historical overview of the early development of neutron-producing particle accelerators, a description of some current industrial accelerator systems, narratives of the fields where neutron-producing particle accelerators are used today, and comments on future trends in the industrial uses of neutron producing particle accelerators.

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Section: Fissionable Materials Analysis For Safeguardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and applications of neutrons using particle accelerators

Chichester

2009

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Customs monitoring of nuclear

Cherkasov

2006

At Energy

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The possibility of terrorist groups obtaining nuclear weapons can be prevented only by technical means. In this connection, the systems for primary fast detection and identification of nuclear materials during customs monitoring and additional monitoring of loads, vehicles, and baggage play a larger role.Nondestructive methods of monitoring and identifying materials are based on detecting the characteristic or induced radiation of nuclides and measuring the absorption of radiation from an external source. For nondestructive monitoring of fissile materials, only penetrating neutrons and γ rays are used. For example, in [1] nondestructive elemental analysis in search of explosives and fissile substances when monitoring customs loads is done using a pulsed source of neutrons based on a small linear deuteron accelerator at 3.5 MeV. In [2], it was proposed that a photoneutron source based on γ-ray bremsstrahlung from thick targets consisting of heavy water (1 kg) or beryllium (3.34 kg) and a compact betatron at 3-10 MeV be used for the same purposes. A good example of using the characteristic neutron radiation for a system of passive monitoring of fissioning materials in 200-and 400-liter containers with βand γ-emitting radioactive wastes is [3], where the possibility of detecting neutrons according to the (α, n) reaction and spontaneous fission (counters with 3 He) under conditions of a γ-ray field with dose rate up to 1 Sv/h, which makes it possible to detect 10 mg of plutonium, was confirmed.Modern systems for nondestructive monitoring of shipping containers and vehicles operate or are built on the basis of 3-15 MeV technological linear electron accelerators [4,5]. The possibilities of such inspection systems for monitoring nuclear materials can be greatly expanded by using the fact that of all the known stable and long-lived nuclides (>0.8 yr) only for fissioning and heavy isotopes is the photofission threshold less than 6 MeV but greater than 4-4.5 MeV. For all other nuclides, the threshold for photoneutron reactions is less than 6 MeV and equal to (in MeV): 2 H 2.23, 6 Li 5.67, 9 Be 1.67, 13

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