Detection of flexural damage stages for RC beams using Piezoelectric sensors (PZT)

Karayannis, Chris G.; Voutetaki, Maristella E.; Chalioris, Constantin E.; Providakis, C. P.; Angeli, Georgia M.

doi:10.12989/sss.2015.15.4.997

Cited by 61 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The seismic problem in earthquake prone regions and the in-situ monitoring of existing Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures and further the assessment of their damage severity level and their structural integrity heighten the necessity of an effective, easy-to-apply, low cost and real-time SHM method [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, on-line monitoring of concrete compressive strength gain using PZTs has successfully been achieved [13][14][15][16][17]. PZT admittances were also utilized in finite element method analyses that have been carried out for the evaluation of yielding or corrosion damage in steel reinforcing bars [1,18,19], to localize cracking in concrete beams [20,21] and to detect debonding damages in RC beams retrofitted with CFRP laminates [22,23]. Debonding failure of CFRP retrofitted RC members significantly influences their overall performance and the decision of the strengthening technique of deficient RC members [22,24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental application of a wireless earthquake damage monitoring system (WiAMS) using PZT transducers in reinforced concrete beams

Chalioris

Providakis

Favvata

et al. 2015

WIT Transactions on the Built Environment

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An innovative portable wireless real time structural health monitoring system that can detect the earthquake damage and the structural integrity of reinforced concrete members in seismic-prone regions is experimentally evaluated. Damage detection is achieved by the use of piezoelectric transducers (actuators/sensors) and the implementation of an integration analytical approach based on the electromechanical impedance method. In this direction, piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducers are bonded on the surface of the steel reinforcing bars of two large-scale reinforced concrete beams. Tested beams subjected to typical flexural monotonic and cyclic loadings and damage monitoring was performed at different loading levels, before and after yielding, using the developed system. Comparisons of the response signals acquired from the bonded piezoelectric patches for the healthy and the damaged states showed a clear gradation of the examined damage levels and provide cogent evidence that the monitoring system is sensitive from an early stage of the performed tests. The effectiveness of this structural health Wireless impedance or Admittance Monitoring System (WiAMS) to detect concrete cracking and steel yielding due to seismic excitations is also commented on. First results showed that the use of PZTs for detecting earthquake damages in reinforced concrete structures by employing the electromechanical impedance approach can be considered as a highly promising non-destructive structural health monitoring method.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental application of a wireless earthquake damage monitoring system (WiAMS) using PZT transducers in reinforced concrete beams

Chalioris

Providakis

Favvata

et al. 2015

WIT Transactions on the Built Environment

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“…The steel bar is located in the middle of the cross-section of the specimen, and its total length is 500 mm. In the SBCC specimens of the test, five kinds of steel bar diameters were used, which were 12,16,18,20, and 25 mm. The outer concrete of the specimens contained three strengths, namely C30, C40, and C50.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the damage degree to the structure, the detection methods can be divided into detection methods, such as ultrasonic testing [8,9], eddy current testing [10,11], and X-ray testing [12,13], cannot detect early damage of steel bars [14]. In order to accurately detect the early damage of metal materials by means of non-destructive detection, some effective and new methods based on the physics have come into being [15][16][17]. Metal magnetic memory (MMM) detection technology is one of them [18,19], which was first proposed by Russian scholar Dubov [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Method for Internal Force Detection of Steel Bars Covered by Concrete Based on the Metal Magnetic Memory Effect

Pang

Zhou

Zhao

et al. 2019

Metals

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In this paper, the specimens of steel bars covered by concrete (SBCC) are taken as research objects, and a new method for steel bar internal force detection based on the metal magnetic memory effect is proposed. The variation law of the self-magnetic flux leakage (SMFL) signals on the surfaces of SBCC specimens with loading tension and the variation of the SMFL signals along the axial positions of specimens under different tensile forces are studied. The results show that when the loading tension is about 90% of the yield tension, the tangential component of the SMFL signal has a maximum extreme point. The distribution of the SMFL signals along the axial position shows a smooth curve, where the values at both ends are small while the intermediate values are large. This paper also proposes the use of the "area ratio deviation parameter" to quantitatively calculate the internal forces of the steel bars. This parameter shows a significant linear relationship with the loading tension during the strengthening stage of the specimens. This method can supplement the existing steel bar stress detection methods and has prospective research value. damage detection (destruction, semi-destruction) and non-destructive detection [5,6]. Compared with damage detection, non-destructive detection has the advantages of high precision, small error, and no destruction to the structure, so it is used more now [7]. The traditional non-destructive stress detection methods, such as ultrasonic testing [8,9], eddy current testing [10,11], and X-ray testing [12,13], cannot detect early damage of steel bars [14]. In order to accurately detect the early damage of metal materials by means of non-destructive detection, some effective and new methods based on the physics have come into being [15][16][17]. Metal magnetic memory (MMM) detection technology is one of them [18,19], which was first proposed by Russian scholar Dubov [20]. The basic principle of MMM detection can be summarized as follows: Ferromagnetics indicate that magnetism is a basic property of matter, and that any substance is magnetic. When putting any substance in a magnetic field, under the action of a magnetic field, the substance will be magnetized. The reason why a substance is magnetic is because there is a phenomenon in which electrons rotate and spin around the nucleus, and the magnetic properties of the substance can be quantified by magnetic moments [21,22]. The steel bars in reinforced concrete structures are typical metal materials, and their interior structure can be regarded as being composed of many magnetic domains. The interface between the magnetic domains is called the magnetic domain wall [23]. When subjected to the geomagnetic field, the steel bars are magnetized to excite the magnetic fields around themselves, which form the initial magnetic fields under the action of the geomagnetic field. When the steel bars are subjected to the external tension, under the action of the tensile forces and the geomagnetic field, the magnetic domain structures orient and irre...

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“…The impedance-based health monitoring approach is capable of monitoring the local damage of structures [25][26][27][28]. The principle of this approach is based on the electromechanical coupling effect of piezoelectric materials in relative high frequency range.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclic Crack Monitoring of a Reinforced Concrete Column under Simulated Pseudo-Dynamic Loading Using Piezoceramic-Based Smart Aggregates

Robert²,

et al. 2016

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Structural health monitoring is an important aspect of maintenance for bridge columns in areas of high seismic activity. In this project, recently developed piezoceramic-based transducers, known as smart aggregates (SA), were utilized to perform structural health monitoring of a reinforced concrete (RC) bridge column subjected to pseudo-dynamic loading. The SA-based approach has been previously verified for static and dynamic loading but never for pseudo-dynamic loading. Based on the developed SAs, an active-sensing approach was developed to perform real-time health status evaluation of the RC column during the loading procedure. The existence of cracks attenuated the stress wave transmission energy during the loading procedure and reduced the amplitudes of the signal received by SA sensors. To detect the crack evolution and evaluate the damage severity, a wavelet packet-based structural damage index was developed. Experimental results verified the effectiveness of the SAs in structural health monitoring of the RC column under pseudo-dynamic loading. In addition to monitoring the general severity of the damage, the local structural damage indices show potential to report the cyclic crack open-close phenomenon subjected to the pseudo-dynamic loading.

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Detection of flexural damage stages for RC beams using Piezoelectric sensors (PZT)

Cited by 61 publications

References 22 publications

Experimental application of a wireless earthquake damage monitoring system (WiAMS) using PZT transducers in reinforced concrete beams

Experimental application of a wireless earthquake damage monitoring system (WiAMS) using PZT transducers in reinforced concrete beams

A New Method for Internal Force Detection of Steel Bars Covered by Concrete Based on the Metal Magnetic Memory Effect

Cyclic Crack Monitoring of a Reinforced Concrete Column under Simulated Pseudo-Dynamic Loading Using Piezoceramic-Based Smart Aggregates

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