Detection of Foot‐and‐Mouth Disease Virus Using a Polydiacetylene Immunosensor on Solid‐Liquid Phase

Abstract

The rapid detection of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus (FMDV) is vital for the prevention of foot‐and‐mouth disease outbreaks. In this study, a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF)‐supported polydiacetylene (PDA) immunosensor is developed to detect FMDV, in which a polyclonal antibody against the FMDV VP1 antigen is conjugated as a specific virus‐binding module without a linker. First, a liposome‐based immunosensor is generated for the FMDV VP1 protein in the form of photopolymerized PDA colloids. Then, the VP1‐specific PDA immunosensors are modified onto PVDF strip to enable the rapid and portable detection of FMDV. Detailed analyses are performed using ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. A blue‐to‐red color transition is observed in the presence of FMDV particles, indicating the potential applications of FMDV‐specific PDA immunosensors for use in solid‐phase detection as well as via liquid‐phase liposome platforms. Thus, this work provides a rapid and simple detection for FMDV.

Development of Polydiacetylene-Based Testosterone Detection as a Model Sensing Platform for Water-Insoluble Hormone Analytes

“…While PDA resulted in~5 µm particle-shaped fragments, PDA-Albumin and PDA-T Ab presented an angular shape of 10-100 µm. Similar aggregated or angular structures of polydiacetyleneantibody conjugates have been reported in the literature [28,31]. The changes in surface charge and size distribution of PDA assemblies during conjugation to albumin or T Ab were measured by dynamic light scattering measurements (Figure 2b,c and Figure S1).…”

Recent Developments in Polydiacetylene-Based Sensors

“…Similar sensing strategies were also employed for other viruses, such as footand-mouth disease virus. 225 Biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and amino acids are closely associated with various molecular interactions under physiological conditions, which macroscopically impact our health. Inappropriate concentrations of such biomolecules in certain parts of our bodies indicate the presence of a medical condition.…”

Naked-Eye Detection of Ethylene Using Thiol-Functionalized Polydiacetylene-Based Flexible Sensors

“…To specifically tune the response of PDA to a particular stimulating agent, the polymer chains are often functionalized to enable their interaction with the desired analyte molecules. The most widely used modification method applied to PDA is through the reaction between their carboxylic acid moiety and an activating agent such as N -hydroxysuccinimide/ethyl-(dimethylaminopropyl)­carbodiimide, − thionyl chloride, , and oxalyl chloride. , The modified PDA derivatives have been used in various sensing applications for the detection of solvents, ions, biomolecules, microorganisms, temperature, pH, and mechanical stress . PDA can also be used for the detection of various analytes such as NH 3 , CO 2 , HCl, and volatile organic compounds .…”