Detection of free and covalently bound microcystins in animal tissues by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Neffling, Milla Riina; Lance, Emilie; Meriluoto, Jussi

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2009.10.023

Cited by 73 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This is especially true for smaller peaks equivalent to concentrations below 0.5 g g −1 , which are usually close to the detection limit of our HPLC method. Hence, to monitor the trace amounts of total MCs in lake sediments, MMPB products should be analyzed using highly sensitive analysis techniques such as LC/MS [23,25,26,32] and GC/MS [15,19,21,22,24,33]. Additionally, most of the samples found to contain toxins were collected from the north shore of Lake Dianchi, where there is often a heavy cyanobacterial bloom during bloom seasons.…”

Section: Optimization Of the Lemieux Oxidation For Determination Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, only Tsuji et al [15] have applied this MMPB method for total MCs detection in lake sediments; however, there still exists a problem in that the necessary very-low reaction temperature is difficult to achieve as it involves oxidation of the MCs to form MMPB by ozonolysis. Several studies have reported that oxidizing the toxins by Lemieux oxidation is a more sensitive analytical method for total MC detection, and this technique has been widely applied in a range of sample matrices, including cyanobacteria [19,20], or animal tissues [21][22][23][24][25][26]. Unfortunately, there is still little information available regarding the effects of the primary factors such as the reaction conditions and sediment characteristics (i.e., organic matter) on the oxidation efficiency, and application of the MMPB method using Lemieux oxidation to the analysis of lake sediment has still not been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Optimal strategies for determination of free/extractable and total microcystins in lake sediment

Wang

Xiao

et al. 2012

Analytica Chimica Acta

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Optimization Of the Lemieux Oxidation For Determination Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal strategies for determination of free/extractable and total microcystins in lake sediment

Wang

Xiao

et al. 2012

Analytica Chimica Acta

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Toxin detection in animal tissues by LC-MS is a sensitive alternative to former methods that required water samples. 17,18 In this study, liver and kidney were the best samples for toxin detection at 5 days postexposure. Intestinal toxin concentration was almost undetectable at 5 days, but gastric or intestinal content might have been a useful sample earlier in the toxicosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathologic Findings and Toxin Identification in Cyanobacterial (Nodularia spumigena) Intoxication in a Dog

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A 3-year-old Cairn Terrier dog that had been in contact with sea water containing cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) was euthanized because of acute hepatic failure and anuria after a 5-day illness. Histologic findings included lytic and hemorrhagic centrilobular hepatocellular necrosis and renal tubular necrosis. The cyanotoxin nodularin was detected in liver and kidney by highperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Nodularin is a potent hepatotoxin produced by the algal species Nodularia spumigena. The intensity of algal blooms has increased during the past decades in the Baltic Sea region, thus increasing the risk for intoxications in domestic and wild animals. The authors describe the pathologic findings of cyanobacterial toxicosis in a dog with direct identification of the toxin from organ samples.Keywords cyanobacterium, dog, hepatic necrosis, kidney, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, liver, nodularin, renal tubular necrosis Hepatic necrosis due to toxins produced by blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) is a well-known cause for acute hepatic failure and death in wild and domestic animals. Although at least 40 species of cyanobacteria, with worldwide distribution, can synthesize a range of hepatotoxins, neurotoxins, and dermatotoxins, the threat of cyanotoxin-contaminated water is often ignored. 3,24Blooming of blue-green algae, especially the toxigenic species Nodularia spumigena, occurs annually in the Baltic Sea region, presenting a threat for animals exposed to contaminated water. Previously, the identification of blue-green algal toxin was laborious, requiring water samples and the use of experimental animals; 5,6,10,16,25,26 algal toxins have not been analyzed routinely from animal tissues in diagnostic cases. In this report, blue-green algal toxicosis was confirmed by direct toxin analysis from organ samples. Case HistoryA 3-year-old female Cairn Terrier weighing 9.6 kg was exposed to sea water containing blue-green algae in the Finnish southwest coastal region of the Baltic Sea. The exact route of exposure is uncertain; the dog was not seen swimming in the sea but may have consumed algal scum or drunk contaminated water. Subsequently, the dog became acutely lethargic with vomiting and inappetence. Initially, it was treated supportively with antiemetics and fluid therapy. Three days after the onset of clinical signs, the dog was admitted to the university hospital because of further clinical deterioration.Upon physical examination, the dog was lethargic, dehydrated, and icteric. Abnormal hematologic findings included mild nonregenerative anemia (packed cell volume, 32%; reference range, 38%-57%; mean corpuscular volume and hemoglobin within reference ranges) with normal leukocyte count (14.0 Â 10 9 /liter; reference range, 5.4-17.4 Â 10 9 /liter). Serum biochemistry profile abnormalities included elevated alanine aminotransferase (6211 U/liter; reference range, 18-77 U/liter), alkaline phosphatase (392 U/liter; reference range, 33-215 U/liter), total bilirubin (272.5 mmol/liter...

show abstract

“…A worrisome sign of their living ecological success is the recent frequency and visibility of harmful cyanobacterial blooms, or CyanoHABs, in many aquatic environments world over [1], [2] since most species of CyanoHABs are known to produce extremely potent low-molecular weight cyanobacteria toxins [3]. The growth in human population and climate change have contributed to an increase in the water temperatures and the load of nutrients reaching many surface waters and thus intensifying the proliferation of the HABs even in temperate climates [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake and Growth Effects of Cyanotoxins on Aquatic Plants Ludwigia Adscendens and Amaranthus Hybridus in Raw Surface Waters

Pindihama¹,

Gitari²

2017

IJESD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Detection of free and covalently bound microcystins in animal tissues by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Cited by 73 publications

References 23 publications

Optimal strategies for determination of free/extractable and total microcystins in lake sediment

Optimal strategies for determination of free/extractable and total microcystins in lake sediment

Pathologic Findings and Toxin Identification in Cyanobacterial (Nodularia spumigena) Intoxication in a Dog

Uptake and Growth Effects of Cyanotoxins on Aquatic Plants Ludwigia Adscendens and Amaranthus Hybridus in Raw Surface Waters

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About