Detection of Genotype 1a and 1f of Hepatitis E Virus in Patients Treated at Tertiary Care Hospitals in Central India

Pathak, Ruchi; Barde, Pradip V

doi:10.1159/000487052

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Pattern of infection for the different genotypes of HEV, adapted from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2020a Pathak and Barde (2017) b Spina et al (2017) c Peron et al (2007) Table 2 Summary of HEV host species by genotype adapted from Kenney (2019) a Infections instigated through experimental conditions Genotype Hosts identified (common names) Species infected Fig. 1 The geographical distribution of HEV genotypes 1-4.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neurological, haematological, immunological and renal manifestations g Older adults (> 40 years) Males 0.5–1% c 4 Yes Foodborne; blood transfusion; organ donation Economically developed and developing countries Unknown Young adults Possibly males (limited data) h 0.5–1% c 5 No Faecal-oral Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 6 No Faecal-oral Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 7 Yes Foodborne; Faecal-oral; blood transfusion? Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 8 No Faecal-oral Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown a Pathak and Barde ( 2017 ) b Spina et al ( 2017 ) c Peron et al ( 2007 ) d Kumar et al ( 2017 ) e Jin et al ( 2016 ) f Kamar et al ( 2014 ) g Horvatits et al ( 2019 ) h Mizuo et al ( 2005 ) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Foodborne Transmission of Hepatitis E Virus to Humans

Treagus

Wright²,

Baker‐Austin

et al. 2021

Food Environ Virol

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Globally, Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes over 20 million cases worldwide. HEV is an emerging and endemic pathogen within economically developed countries, chiefly resulting from infections with genotype 3 (G3) HEV. G3 HEV is known to be a zoonotic pathogen, with a broad host range. The primary source of HEV within more economically developed countries is considered to be pigs, and consumption of pork products is a significant risk factor and known transmission route for the virus to humans. However, other foods have also been implicated in the transmission of HEV to humans. This review consolidates the information available regarding transmission of HEV and looks to identify gaps where further research is required to better understand how HEV is transmitted to humans through food.

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Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Foodborne Transmission of Hepatitis E Virus to Humans

Treagus

Wright²,

Baker‐Austin

et al. 2021

Food Environ Virol

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show abstract

“…Our findings indicate that both the IgM capture ELI-SAs used in MCL and the NL performed equally well in detecting IgM antibodies from patient samples, and IgM ELISA is a good tool for diagnosis of HEV [5,8]. However, IgM ELISA failed to perform accurately on hemolyzed samples, resulting in false-negative results [11].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…India is endemic for HEV and outbreak have been documented from India since 1955 [4]. Our studies from central India show that HEV is endemic and perennial transmission occurs with a spike in HEV cases in summer and the post monsoon period [5]. Recently, an outbreak was also documented from central India [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Proposed Algorithm for Hepatitis E Virus Diagnosis in the Early Phase of Illness

et al. 2020

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV), a major etiologic agent of enterically transmitted hepatitis worldwide, is known to cause outbreaks. Diagnosis of the causative agent is important for patient management, understanding epidemiology and outbreak mitigation. We attempted to develop an algorithm for molecular diagnosis and compared the diagnostic accuracy of 2 of HEV IgM ELISA tests during an outbreak. Eighty-four blood samples collected during an outbreak in central India were referred to a nodal laboratory for confirmation of diagnosis. The samples were tested by serological and molecular testes. The results were analyzed by statistical tests. Both the IgM ELISAs were equally competent to diagnose HEV infection when samples were collected after 7.95 ± 3.2 days of onset of illness, whereas nRT-PCR proved a better test when samples were collected between 0 and 6.17 ± 1.97 days of illness. During HEV outbreaks, it is not possible to test all suspected cases by both serological and molecular tests; we suggest testing all ELISA-negative and samples collected in early phase (<7 days) of illness by molecular tests to rule out false-negative results. More studies with large sample size will aid in designing national guidelines for molecular diagnosis of HEV.

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“…Data on risk factors for HEV infection (defined by IgM antibodies or RNA), disease, and death were identified in 36 studies (17,21,26,30,34,46,63,68,74,85,91,92,102,104,(108)(109)(110)112,116,129,138,139,(145)(146)(147)(148)(149)(150)(151)(152)(153)(154)(155)(156)(157)(158) from 13 countries between 1990 and 2017. One study only reported risk factors with an unknown hypothesized direction of effect and was excluded from further analysis (159).…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Setting a course for preventing hepatitis E in low and lower-middle-income countries: A systematic review of burden and risk factors

Koyuncu

Mapemba

Ciglenečki³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundHepatitis E virus is responsible for outbreaks of acute jaundice in Africa and Asia, many of which occur among displaced people or in crisis settings. While an efficacious vaccine for HEV has been developed, we lack key epidemiologic data needed to understand how best to use the vaccine for hepatitis E control in endemic countries.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of articles published on hepatitis E in low and lower-middle-income countries (LMIC) in Africa and Asia. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases to identify articles with data on anti-HEV IgG seroprevalence, outbreaks of HEV, or risk factors for HEV infection, disease, or death, and all relevant data were extracted. Using these data we describe the evidence around temporal and geographical distribution of HEV transmission and burden. We estimated pooled age-specific seroprevalence and assessed the consistency in risk factor estimates.ResultsWe extracted data from 148 studies. Studies assessing anti-HEV IgG antibodies used 18 different commercial assays. Most cases of hepatitis E during outbreaks were not confirmed. Risk factor data suggested an increased likelihood of current or recent HEV infection and disease associated with fecal-oral transmission of HEV, as well as exposures to blood and animals.ConclusionHeterogeneity in diagnostic assays used and exposure and outcome assessment methods hinder public health efforts to quantify burden of disease and evaluate interventions over time and space. Prevention tools such as vaccines are available, but require a unified global strategy for hepatitis E control to justify widespread use.

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Detection of Genotype 1a and 1f of Hepatitis E Virus in Patients Treated at Tertiary Care Hospitals in Central India

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

The Foodborne Transmission of Hepatitis E Virus to Humans

The Foodborne Transmission of Hepatitis E Virus to Humans

Proposed Algorithm for Hepatitis E Virus Diagnosis in the Early Phase of Illness

Setting a course for preventing hepatitis E in low and lower-middle-income countries: A systematic review of burden and risk factors

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