Detection of Grasserie Virus, BmNPV in the Fifth Instar Larvae of Silkworm, Bombyx mori (L) (Race: PM x CSR2) Through Polymerase Chain Reaction

The Effects of Biological and Physical Factors on Controlling the Destructive Palm Pest Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier

“…Both of these plants have been proven to also be effective, as the results revealed that they could also reduce the metamorphosis of the RPWL, evidenced by the 27.8% and 28.9% of the treated larvae pupating, which is 72.2% and 71.1% lower than the RPWL in the control group, respectively. This finding is consistent with the previous studies by Khyade et al [17] and Jaiswal and Srivastava [18], which reported that insects exposed to secondary metabolites with hormonal activity similar to juvenile hormone (phytojuvenoid) would exhibit slower metamorphosis rates. Furthermore, our results showed that the use of the combination of plants that inhibit the mutualism of gut microbiota and plants containing phytojuvenoid compounds, which have properties of increasing the juvenile hormone level showed the best results in reducing the metamorphosis rate of RPWL.…”

“…To slow down their metamorphosis cycle, we found that roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), garlic (Allium sativum) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) can reduce the growth of bacteria found in the RPW digestive track [14][15][16]. Additionally, some plants, namely mulberry (Morus alba), basil (Ocimum basilicum), and holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum) contain small amounts of juvenile hormone-like secondary metabolites, called phytojuvenoid, which maintain insects in an immature state until the appropriate developmental stage for reproduction is reached [17,18].…”

“…The juvenile hormone is an example of these hormones, which slow down growth and increases molting, thus regulating metamorphosis. Plants commonly found in Thailand, such as the leaves of mulberry (Morus alba), basil (Ocimum basilicum), and holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum), known in Thai as "Bai-Mon", "Ho-ra-pha", and "Kra-pao", respectively, have been reported to contain small amounts of compounds called phytojuvenoid, which are juvenile hormone-like secondary metabolites, having similar properties to the juvenile hormone, thus also able to slow down the metamorphosis of RPWs [17,18]. This suggests that these plants may be able to be used as a natural regulator of the RPW metamorphosis cycle.…”

Effect of Sericin and Honey on Economical and Biological Traits of Silkworm, Bombyx mori (L.) (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)

“…Treated silkworms were also noted to have matured earlier as they started to form cocoons on average 7 to 8 hours before control group's larvae (untreated) (Bhatti et al, 2019). The findings of our research are close to previous studies conducted to improve the larval growth, and silk cocoon production of silkworm ( Javed and Gondal, 2002;Manjula et al, 2011;Lattala et al, 2014;Khyade and Mullis, 2018;Wani et al, 2018;Thangapandiyan and Dharanipriya, 2019). This strategy of rearing of the silkworms can be readily embraced by the silkworm rearing communities, due to greater economic opportunities and negligible increases in rearing costs.…”

Detection of gut microflora and enzymes using metagenomics and metaproteomics in silkworm, Bombyx mori

“…The enzymes are obtained from mulberry leaves and are not synthesized by silkworm itself. Mulberry leaves treated with cowpea seed powder and feeding it to fth instar larvae of multivoltine cross breed race of silkworm, Bombyx mori showed enhanced production of midgut enzymes including Protease, Amylase, Trehalase, Sucrase and Urease [73]. Transgenic silkworm lines developed through incorporation of arti cial gene showed expression of urease which played a major role in nitrogen metabolism [74].…”