Detection of HBV Resistance to Lamivudine in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Using Zip Nucleic Acid Probes in Kerman, Southeast of Iran

Abstract

HBV infection is contagious and may be transmitted vertically or horizontally by blood products and body secretions. Over 50% of Iranian carriers have contracted the infection prenatally, making this the most likely route of transmission of HBV in Iran. This study assesses the resistance to Lamivudine in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection using a new ZNA probe Real Time PCR method. To evaluate the effectiveness of Lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B infection, a study was conducted on 70 patients (63 men and 7women), who had received the drug first line. All patients were tested for the presence of HBsAg and HBeAg, the serum ALT level and the HBV DNA load before and after treatment. In all samples resistance to Lamivudine was tested with the ZNA Probe. Our results showed that ZNA Probe Real Time PCR method could detect wild type,YMDD, and its mutants, tyrosine-isoleucine-aspartate-aspartate and tyrosine-valine-aspartate-Aspartate. Among an estimated seventy patients with chronic hepatitis B infection, 18 (25.7%) were resistant to lamivudine. Only one patient was negative for presence of HBS-Ag (5.6%) and two patients were negative for HBe-Ag (11.1%). Real-time PCR with Zip nucleic acid probes is a sensitive, specific and rapid detection method for mutations in the YMDD motif, which will be essential for monitoring patients undergoing Lamivudine antiviral therapy.

Lamivudine Resistance and Precore Variants in Iranian Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B: Correlation With Virological and Clinical Features

“…On the other hand, the correlation between these two phenomena was significant; indicating that both YMDD and precore mutations, synergically resulted in drug resistance with poor virological response to therapy. Furthermore, the independent impact of precore mutations on the sensitivity for emergence of drug resistant was not clear, as the previous reports from Iranian patients revealed the prevalence of 25.7% ( 12 ) to 50% (Jazayeri, unpublished data) of YMDD mutations in patients undergoing lamivudine therapy. We believe that despite these observations, the effects of both mutations on each other are not reciprocal and their emergences may be independent to each one.…”

“…Alas, extended LAM treatment is associated with an elevated risk of developing drug resistance. The reported prevalence of YMDD variants in Iranian patients undergone LAM therapy ranged between 14% and 33% ( 10 - 12 ).…”

Comparison of viremia of type II porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in naturally infected pigs by zip nucleic acid probe-based real-time PCR

“…A novel type of modified oligonucleotides known as ZNA was recently developed as a method for the clinical diagnosis of pathogens, such as the hepatitis B virus [27]. ZNAs are able to discriminate between complementary sequence that are a perfect match and those that are mismatched by a single base pair [25].…”

Enteric Virome and Carcinogenesis in the Gut

“…In addition, cultivationbased approaches do not allow for unbiased representation of viral community structure and ecology. While 16S rRNAbased studies have helped revolutionize our understanding of bacterial ecology, absence of conserved molecular marker genes in viruses has complicated the application of markerspecific nucleic acid amplification technologies (NAATs) for viral community profiling [75][76][77][78][79][80]. Targeted sequence capture panels, such as ViroCap, have also been used to enrich nucleic acid from DNA and RNA viruses from viral communities harbored by vertebrate hosts [81].…”