Detection of Hepatitis E Virus in Hyalomma lusitanicum Ticks Feeding on Wild Boars

Rivero‐Juárez, Antonio; Risalde, María Á.; Gortázar, Christian; López‐López, Pedro; Barasona, José A.; Frías, Mario; Caballero‐Gómez, Javier; Fuente, José de la

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.692147

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The infection predominantly affects middle-aged or elderly males and is characterized by a higher frequency of non-specific symptoms [ 7 ], such as neurological symptoms and disorders, hematological disorders, renal disease, acute pancreatitis, myocarditis, arthritis, and autoimmune thyroiditis [ 8 ]. In addition to animal reservoirs, HEV genotype 3 has been isolated from various environmental matrices, such as contaminated surface water [ 9 ], wastewater treatment plants [ 10 ], and even ticks [ 11 ]. Chronic HEV infection, which is typical for genotype 3 and rare for genotype 4, has been reported in immunocompromised patients, such as solid organ transplant patients, HIV-infected, or patients with hematologic malignancies [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and Gender Trends in the Prevalence of Markers for Hepatitis E Virus Exposure in the Heterogeneous Bulgarian Population

Golkocheva-Markova

Ismailova

Kevorkyan

et al. 2023

Life

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The prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in the Bulgarian population remains underestimated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate age and gender trends in HEV prevalence in the heterogeneous Bulgarian population. Stored serum samples from blood donors and different patient sub-populations—kidney recipients (KR), patients with Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS), Lyme disease (LD), patients with liver involvement and a clinical diagnosis other than viral hepatitis A and E (non-AE), hemodialysis (HD) and HIV-positive patients (HIV)—were retrospectively investigated for markers of past and recent/ongoing HEV infection. The estimated overall seroprevalence of past infection was 10.6%, ranging from 5.9% to 24.5% for the sub-populations evaluated, while the seroprevalence of recent/ongoing HEV infection was 7.5%, ranging from 2.1% to 20.4%. The analysis of the individual sub-populations showed a different prevalence with respect to sex. In regard to age, the cohort effect was preserved, as a multimodal pattern was observed only for the GBS sub-population. Molecular analysis revealed HEV 3f and 3e. The type of the population is one of the main factors on which the anti-HEV prevalence depends, highlighting the need for the development of guidelines related to the detection and diagnosis of HEV infection with regard to specific patient populations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and Gender Trends in the Prevalence of Markers for Hepatitis E Virus Exposure in the Heterogeneous Bulgarian Population

Golkocheva-Markova

Ismailova

Kevorkyan

et al. 2023

Life

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“…Even though HEV has a wide host range and is maintained efficiently by wild ungulates ( 7 , 9 ), only two studies have evaluated the presence of the virus in arthropods. In a previous study, we found that ticks ( Hyalomma lusitanicum ) that had fed on viremic animals were positive for HEV, although it was not possible to demonstrate the vectorial capacity of these arthropods ( 13 ). In another study, Vandeweyer et al ( 40 ) assessed the risk of transmission of certain foodborne pathogens by eating insects and did not find HEV RNA in 92 crickets ( Acheta domesticus ) analyzed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…A plausible hypothesis is the involvement of an arthropod vector with high spring-summer activity ( 11 , 12 ). Two main arthropod vectors, ticks, previously suggested by our group ( 13 ), and mosquitoes, which have not yet been evaluated, could be linked to HEV maintenance and transmission due to their intimate ecological association with the wild ungulates that maintain zoonotic HEV genotypes, as well as their wide distribution, and abundance ( 14 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Common Mosquito (Culex pipiens) Does Not Seem to Be a Competent Vector for Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3

et al. 2022

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An experimental infection approach was used to estimate the competence of the common mosquito, Culex pipiens, for hepatitis E virus replication and transmission, using an isolate of hepatitis E virus genotype 3 of human origin in varying infectious doses. The experimental approach was carried out in biosafety level 2 conditions on three batches of 120 Cx. pipiens females, each using an artificial feeding system containing the virus in aliquots of fresh avian blood. Mosquitoes from each batch were collected 1, 7, 14, and 21 days post-infection (dpi) and dissected. The proboscis was subjected to forced excretion of saliva to estimate potential virus transmission. HEV RNA presence in abdomen, thorax, and saliva samples was analyzed by PCR at the selected post-infection times. HEV RNA was detected in the abdomens of Cx. pipiens females collected 1 dpi in the two experimentally-infected batches, but not in the saliva or thorax. None of the samples collected 7–21 dpi were positive. Our results show that Cx. pipiens is not a competent vector for HEV, at least for zoonotic genotype 3.

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“…Another study evidenced that liver transudate could be used for HEV RNA detection (Navarro et al, 2020 ). A study reported HEV RNA in 27.9% (11/29) of Hyalomma lusitanicum ticks feeding on wild boars and in 34.5% (10/29) of wild boar serum samples, further typing as HEV-3 subgenotype 3f (Antonio Rivero-Juarez et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Virus in the Iberian Peninsula: A Systematic Review

et al. 2023

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One of the most frequent causes of acute viral hepatitis is hepatitis E virus (HEV) causing 20 million infections worldwide each year and 44,000 deaths. Studies on HEV in the Iberian Peninsula have been increasing through time with HEV infection being identified in humans and animals. The aim of the present systematic review was to compile and evaluate all the published data on HEV from studies performed in humans, animals and environmental samples in the Iberian Peninsula. The electronic databases Mendeley, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were thoroughly searched, and research published up until February 01, 2023 were included. Resulting in a total of 151 eligible papers by full reading and application of PRISMA exclusion/inclusion criteria. Overall, the present review shows that several HEV genotypes, namely HEV-1, 3, 4, and 6 as well as Rocahepevirus, are circulating in humans, animals, and in the environment in the Iberian Peninsula. HEV-3 was the most common genotype circulating in humans in Portugal and Spain, as expected for developed countries, with HEV-1 only being detected in travelers and emigrants from HEV endemic regions. Spain is the biggest pork producer in Europe and given the high circulation of HEV in pigs, with HEV-3 being primarily associated to zoonotic transmission through consumption of swine meat and meat products, in our opinion, the introduction of an HEV surveillance system in swine and inclusion of HEV in diagnostic routines for acute and chronic human hepatitis would be important. Additionally, we propose that establishing a monitoring mechanism for HEV is crucial in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence of this illness and the various strains present in the Iberian Peninsula, as well as their potential impact on public health.

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Detection of Hepatitis E Virus in Hyalomma lusitanicum Ticks Feeding on Wild Boars

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Age and Gender Trends in the Prevalence of Markers for Hepatitis E Virus Exposure in the Heterogeneous Bulgarian Population

Age and Gender Trends in the Prevalence of Markers for Hepatitis E Virus Exposure in the Heterogeneous Bulgarian Population

The Common Mosquito (Culex pipiens) Does Not Seem to Be a Competent Vector for Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3

Hepatitis E Virus in the Iberian Peninsula: A Systematic Review

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