Detection of hepatitis through proteases and protease inhibitors genes expression and identification of HCV untypable genotype in Abbottabad, Pakistan

Zahid, Nabeela; Ahmad, Rasheed; Iqbal, Muhammad Saad; Khan, Sabaz Ali; Asghar, Saleha Yurf; Shah, Mohammad Maroof

doi:10.4149/av_2021_405

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Determination of HCV genotype requires the use of PCR to hybridize to genotype-specific probe that allows understanding route of HCV infection of the patient and helps clinicians to determine the duration of interferon therapy [ 2 , 6 ] or choosing genotype-specific DAA therapy before the introduction of current pan-genotypic DAA therapy [ 14 , 18 , 19 , 32 ]. However, less than ten percent of the patients were infected with the mixed variant of the HCV, especially those infected with HIV or intravenous drugs users [ 17 , 21 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. In this study, high rates of genotype mixtures of 1 + 6 (18.9%) were interesting because genotypes 1b and 2 were the most prevalent in Taiwan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a finding could be explained by the high-risk behaviors of the patients at some time of their lives in Southeast Asia [ 36 ]. The HCV genotype could be found to be undetermined by the commercial assay while the viral load was below the detection limit that requires further genetic sequencing [ 19 , 21 ]. Although the universal use of gene sequencing allows for more delicate genotyping, such an approach has not yet been standardized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 2020 EASL [ 14 ] and 2019 AASLD [ 15 , 16 ] treatment guidelines now suggest two main regimens for treatment-naïve patients, i.e., glecaprevir (300 mg)/pibrentasvir (120 mg) (GLE/PIB), and sofosbuvir (400 mg)/velpatasvir (100 mg) (SOF/VEL) with pan-genotypic antiviral activity to simplify the treatment algorithm. A minority of the patients may get infected with a mixed HCV genotype [ 17 , 18 , 19 ] or the HCV genotype that was undetermined by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques [ 20 , 21 ]. To date, there is a paucity of real-world data on the effectiveness and safety of pan-genotypic DAAs for patients with these two specific scenarios for HCV elimination [ 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pan-Genotypic Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents for Undetermined or Mixed-Genotype Hepatitis C Infection: A Real-World Multi-Center Effectiveness Analysis

Yen

Chen

Lai

et al. 2022

JCM

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Although the pan-genotypic direct-acting antiviral regimen was approved for treating chronic hepatitis C infection regardless of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype, real-world data on its effectiveness against mixed-genotype or genotype-undetermined HCV infection are scarce. We evaluated the real-world safety and efficacy of two pan-genotypic regimens (Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir and Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir) for HCV-infected patients with mixed or undetermined HCV genotypes from the five hospitals in the Changhua Christian Care System that commenced treatment between August 2018 and December 2020. This retrospective study evaluated the efficacy and safety of pan-genotypic direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment in adults with HCV infection. The primary endpoint was the sustained virological response (SVR) observed 12 weeks after completing the treatment. Altogether, 2446 HCV-infected patients received the pan-genotypic DAA regimen, 37 (1.5%) patients had mixed-genotype HCV infections and 110 (4.5%) patients had undetermined HCV genotypes. The mean age was 63 years and 55.8% of our participants were males. Nine (6.1%) patients had end-stage renal disease and three (2%) had co-existing hepatomas. We lost one patient to follow-up during treatment and one more patient after treatment. A total of four patients died. However, none of these losses were due to treatment-related side effects. The rates of SVR12 for mixed-genotype and genotype-undetermined infections were 97.1% and 96.2%, respectively, by per-protocol analyses, and 91.9% and 92.7% respectively, by intention-to-treat population analyses. Laboratory adverse events with grades ≥3 included anemia (2.5%), thrombocytopenia (2.5%), and jaundice (0.7%). Pan-genotypic DAAs are effective and well-tolerated for mixed-genotype or genotype-undetermined HCV infection real-world settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pan-Genotypic Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents for Undetermined or Mixed-Genotype Hepatitis C Infection: A Real-World Multi-Center Effectiveness Analysis

Yen

Chen

Lai

et al. 2022

JCM

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An Insight into Hepatitis C Virus: In Search of Promising Drug Targets

Dwivedi,

Mukherjee

2023

CDT

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Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a global health concern, chronically infecting over 70 million people worldwide. HCV is a bloodborne pathogen that primarily affects the liver, and chronic HCV infection can lead to cirrhosis, liver cancer, and liver failure over time. There is an urgent need for more effective approaches to prevent and treat HCV. This review summarizes current knowledge on the virology, transmission, diagnosis, and management of HCV infection. It also provides an in-depth analysis of HCV proteins as promising targets for antiviral drug and vaccine development. Specific HCV proteins discussed as potential drug targets include the NS5B polymerase, NS3/4A protease, entry receptors like CD81, and core proteins. The implications of HCV proteins as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are also explored. Current direct-acting antiviral therapies are effective but have cost, genotype specificity, and resistance limitations. This review aims to synthesize essential information on HCV biology and pathogenesis to inform future research on improved preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies against this global infectious disease threat.

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Detection of hepatitis through proteases and protease inhibitors genes expression and identification of HCV untypable genotype in Abbottabad, Pakistan

Cited by 2 publications

References 46 publications

Pan-Genotypic Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents for Undetermined or Mixed-Genotype Hepatitis C Infection: A Real-World Multi-Center Effectiveness Analysis

Pan-Genotypic Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents for Undetermined or Mixed-Genotype Hepatitis C Infection: A Real-World Multi-Center Effectiveness Analysis

An Insight into Hepatitis C Virus: In Search of Promising Drug Targets

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