Detection of highly and minimally leukotoxic Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains in patients with periodontal disease

Cortelli, Sheila Cavalca; Jorge, Antônio Olavo Cardoso; Cortelli, José Roberto; Jordan, S. F.; Haraszthy, Violet I.

doi:10.1590/s1517-74912003000200016

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This association is very clear when the model “diagnosis of aggressive localized/generalized periodontitis and the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans” (11,15) is adopted. However, the colonization of these microorganisms per se will neither guarantee an inflammatory reaction nor the destruction of periodontal tissue (33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontal profile and presence of periodontal pathogens in young African-Americans from Salvador, BA, Brazil

Victor¹,

Cortelli²,

Aquino³

et al. 2008

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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This cross-sectional study evaluated the periodontal status and the presence of periodontopathogens in 132 young, black ethnic subjects who live in Salvador/Bahia-Brazil and have never smoked. Periodontal Probing Depth (PPD), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), Plaque Index (PI) and Gingival Index (GI) were measured and analyzed by ANOVA and Wilcoxon tests (p<0.05) according to gender and age. The presence of A.actinomycetemcomitans, P.gingivalis, E.corrodens and F.nucleatum was determined by PCR and was analyzed by ANOVA, Wilcoxon, Student-t tests (p<0.05). Mean values of PPD and CAL were 2.18 and 1.0mm, respectively. Clinical parameters did not show differences between subjects of varying gender and age. The microbial prevalence was observed to be 95.45% for E.corrodens followed by F.nucleatum with 68.18%, A.actinomycetemcomitans with 45.45% and P gingivalis with 40.9%. An association between the presence of pathogens and gender and age was not observed (p<0.05). PPD, CAL and PI were not associated with P.gingivalis; however, GI appeared in higher frequencies among subjects without P.gingivalis. In this young, black ethnic, Brazilian population, a high percentage (96.96%) of subjects harbored at least one selected periodontal pathogen, but most subjects showed a healthy periodontal status. Further investigations are required to evaluate the actual influence of the presence of these bacterial species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontal profile and presence of periodontal pathogens in young African-Americans from Salvador, BA, Brazil

Victor¹,

Cortelli²,

Aquino³

et al. 2008

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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“…Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, a facultative anaerobic, non-motile, non-sporing, small gram-negative rod, has been described as a member of the indigenous oral microbiota of humans, and is involved in the etiology of periodontal diseases, especially in aggressive periodontitis [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotypes infections and periodontal conditions: a two-way assessment

Cortelli

Aquino

Cortelli

et al. 2011

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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This study investigated a large population of individuals positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans and performed a two way analysis assessing the relation between the different serotypes of the bacterium and periodontal conditions. The serotypes analysis (serotypes a, b, c, d, e, f) showed that out of the 204 selected individuals positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans, 152 were positive for a single serotype, 27 showed a variable mixed infection and 25 individuals were not positive for any of the serotypes tested. Serotypes a, b and c were largely found (98%), and serotype c was the most prevalent. Serotypes d, e, and f were either not detected or relatively rare. It was also verified that in non-periodontitis individuals, serotypes a and c were more prevalent (p<0.05); in individuals with mild or moderate/severe chronic periodontitis serotype c was also more common (p<0.05); and aggressive periodontitis subjects showed high prevalence of both serotypes b and c (p<0.05). In conclusion, our study showed that serotype c was the most prevalent in both diseased and healthy subjects. Aggressive periodontitis subjects were not exclusively associated with A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b. Non-typeable strains were either not detected or were relatively infrequent, and serotypes d and f were not detected in the examined Brazilian population.

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“…As a result, non-JP2 clones (e.g., A. actinomycetemcomitans strains 652 and ␥4) appear to be associated with a lesser severity of periodontal disease (11,30). In contrast, subjects with severe forms of periodontal disease have tended to harbor deletion-positive A. actinomycetemcomitans clones (7,8,17,18,19,35). Haubek et al (19) found a higher rate of progression of periodontal disease among JP2-strain-positive patients, while Wu et al (43) reported that detection of the A. actinomycetemcomitans LTX gene (lktA), but not the gene for the fimbria-associated protein (fap) of A. actinomycetemcomitans, in the subgingival sulcus correlates with the severity of chronic periodontal disease in China.…”

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Diminished Treatment Response of Periodontally Diseased Patients Infected with the JP2 Clone ofAggregatibacter(Actinobacillus)actinomycetemcomitans

Cortelli

Costa

Kawai³

et al. 2009

J Clin Microbiol

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This longitudinal study evaluated the response to periodontal treatment by subjects infected with either JP2 (n ‫؍‬ 25) or non-JP2 (n ‫؍‬ 25) Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans. Participants were treated during the first 4 months by receiving (i) scaling and root planing, (ii) systemic antibiotic therapy, and (iii) periodontal surgery. Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival and plaque indices (GI and PI, respectively) were monitored at baseline and at 12 months, along with DNA-PCR-based subgingival detection of JP2 or non-JP2 A. actinomycetemcomitans. At baseline, PD, CAL, and GI scores were statistically higher in the JP2 strain-positive group than the non-JP2-strain-positive group. At 12 months, PD, CAL, and GI scores had decreased significantly for both groups, but the reduction rates of PD and CAL were higher in the non-JP2-strain-positive group. Among JP2-strain-positive patients in the baseline, patients who remained JP2 strain positive at 12 months showed significantly higher GIs than did the patients who had lost the detectable JP2 clone. Patients who remained JP2 strain positive at 12 months appeared to be more resistant to mechanical-chemical therapy than did those who were still non-JP2 strain positive, while the elimination of JP2 A. actinomycetemcomitans remarkably diminished gingival inflammation. Early identification and elimination of the JP2 clone of A. actinomycetemcomitans will enable practitioners to effectively predict the outcome of treatments applied to periodontal patients.Compared to gingivitis, or disease-free periodontium, an increased incidence of Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans has been reported in the lesions of localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP) or severe chronic periodontitis (9,13,16,41,44,45). It is also true that while polymicrobial infection is implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic adult periodontitis, oral colonization by A. actinomycetemcomitans is more directly associated with the pathogenesis of LAP. Such pathogenic outcomes related to A. actinomycetemcomitans infection seem to be partially derived from leukotoxin (LTX) produced by A. actinomycetemcomitans. LTX is a potent virulence factor, which is encoded in an operon consisting of four genes (5) and typically causes cytotoxicity in neutrophils (26) and macrophages (37). Furthermore, in vitro experiments revealed that a specific 530-bp sequence in the LTX promoter region, rather than the LTX operon, impacts the transcription regulation of LTX (5), whereas there are several factors that regulate the expression of LTX from A. actinomycetemcomitans (25). It is also true that there may be highly leukotoxic A. actinomycetemcomitans strains other than just the type with the 530-bp deletion (24). Nonetheless, the deletion of this 530-bp promoter region, which is found in some pathogenic strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans, also called JP2 strains, has critical ramifications. For example, faster expression of the LTX gene with the deletion has been o...

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Detection of highly and minimally leukotoxic Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains in patients with periodontal disease

Cited by 25 publications

References 25 publications

Periodontal profile and presence of periodontal pathogens in young African-Americans from Salvador, BA, Brazil

Periodontal profile and presence of periodontal pathogens in young African-Americans from Salvador, BA, Brazil

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotypes infections and periodontal conditions: a two-way assessment

Diminished Treatment Response of Periodontally Diseased Patients Infected with the JP2 Clone ofAggregatibacter(Actinobacillus)actinomycetemcomitans

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