Detection of Histoplasma Capsulatum in Domestic Chicken Droppings in Olenguruone, Nakuru County

Kipyegon, Kemoi Edson; Musyoki, Stanslaus Kiilu; Kariuki, Stephen Mwaura

doi:10.19044/esj.2017.v13n15p119

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…A significant association was identified between H. capsulatum seropositivity and the observation of rats within the household (OR = 2.99 90% CI 1.04-8.55, p = 0.04). In Kenya, H. capsulatum has been isolated from soil, including samples enriched with chicken and bat faeces [55][56][57]. Although evidence exists for the role of rats as environmental reservoirs, current literature is limited to North America, where H. capsulatum was identified in wild rats and soil samples proximal to rat burrows [26,58,59].…”

Section: Plos Neglected Tropical Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Histoplasma capsulatum seropositivity and exploration of risk factors for exposure in Busia county, western Kenya: Analysis of the PAZ dataset

et al. 2023

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Background Despite recognition of histoplasmosis as a disease of national public health concern in Kenya, the burden of Histoplasma capsulatum in the general population remains unknown. This study examined the human seroprevalence of anti-Histoplasma antibody and explored associations between seropositivity and demographic and environmental variables, in Busia county, western Kenya. Methodology Biobanked serum samples and associated data, from a previous cross-sectional survey, were examined. Latex agglutination tests to detect the presence of anti-Histoplasma antibody were performed on serum samples from 670 survey respondents, representing 178 households within 102 sub-locations. Potential epidemiologic risk factors for H. capsulatum exposure were explored using multi-level multivariable logistic regression analysis with household and sub-location included as random effects. Principal findings The apparent sample seroprevalence of anti-Histoplasma antibody was 15.5% (n = 104/670, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 12.9–18.5%). A multivariable logistic regression model identified increased odds of H. capsulatum seropositivity in respondents reporting rats within the household within the previous 12 months (OR = 2.99 90% CI 1.04–8.55, p = 0.04). Compared to respondents aged 25–34 years, the odds of seropositivity were higher in respondents aged 15–24 years (OR = 2.70 90% CI 1.04–6.97, p = 0.04). Conclusions The seroprevalence result provides a baseline for sample size approximations for future epidemiologic studies of the burden of H. capsulatum exposure in Busia county. The final model explored theoretically plausible risk factors for H. capsulatum exposure in the region. A number of factors may contribute to the complex epidemiological picture impacting H. capsulatum exposure status at the human-animal-environment interface in western Kenya. Focussed H. capsulatum research is warranted to determine the contextual significance of identified associations, and in representative sample populations.

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Section: Plos Neglected Tropical Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Histoplasma capsulatum seropositivity and exploration of risk factors for exposure in Busia county, western Kenya: Analysis of the PAZ dataset

et al. 2023

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“…Recently, Kipyegon and colleagues isolated H . capsulatum from domestic chicken droppings in Kenya [ 39 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histoplasmosis in Africa: Current perspectives, knowledge gaps, and research priorities

et al. 2022

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Background Histoplasmosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by the thermally dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. The 2 variants Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum (Hcc) and Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii (Hcd) causes infection in humans and commonly termed classical or American histoplasmosis and African histoplasmosis, respectively. Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum (Hcf) affects equines. In recent times, there have been heightened sensitization on fungal infections such as histoplasmosis in Africa, aimed at improving awareness among relevant stakeholders, particularly healthcare workers. This effort is expected to be paralleled with increased detection of both classical and African histoplasmosis, which has remained underdiagnosed over the years. In this narrative review, we describe the current perspectives of histoplasmosis in Africa, identify knowledge gaps, and suggest research priorities. Methods A PubMed, Google Scholar, and Africa Journal Online (AJOL) literature search was conducted for studies on histoplasmosis in Africa between 2000 and 2020. Histoplasmosis essays in medical mycology textbooks were also consulted. This narrative review was prepared from the data gathered. Findings In the past 2 decades, histoplasmosis in general has seen a relative increase in case detection in some Africa countries, probably attributable to the gradually increasing medical mycology advocacy efforts in Africa. Histoplasmosis cases are dominated by African histoplasmosis mostly in Western and Central Africa, while classical histoplasmosis is more common in Southern and Northern Africa. Although both classical and African histoplasmosis are common in Africa, the latter is more restricted to Africa, and cases outside the continent usually have a travel history to the continent. Despite the clinical and laboratory difference between African histoplasmosis and classical histoplasmosis, it is not straightforward to distinguish them. The typical manifestation of African histoplasmosis is the appearance of lesions affecting the skin, bones, and lymph nodes and unusually linked to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS. By contrast, classical histoplasmosis mostly affects the lungs and is often associated with immunosuppression, mainly HIV/AIDS. The present perspectives of histoplasmosis in Africa highlight unclear details on the true burden, strain diversity, infection route and genetic basis of African histoplasmosis, availability of specie-specific diagnostic tools, and compliance with recommended antifungal therapy. These knowledge gaps represent research questions that require scientific exploration. Conclusions Despite a subtle increase in identifying histoplasmosis cases in Africa, it remains underdiagnosed and neglected in some parts of the continent. Increasing awareness and training among healthcare workers, bridging diagnostic and therapeutic gaps, and encouraging more research in Africa are crucial to improve the current perspectives of histoplasmosis in Africa.

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“…Odds of seropositivity were significantly higher in participants involved in animal manure management, supported by evidence of reservoirs of Histoplasma in soil and avian faeces [ [43] , [44] , [45] ]. Odds of seropositivity were significantly higher in participants from households managing animals inside the compound boundary at night, compared to compounds where animals could freely enter or exit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histoplasma seropositivity and environmental risk factors for exposure in a general population in Upper River Region, The Gambia: A cross-sectional study

Cornell,

Conteh,

Drammeh

et al. 2024

One Health

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Detection of Histoplasma Capsulatum in Domestic Chicken Droppings in Olenguruone, Nakuru County

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Evidence of Histoplasma capsulatum seropositivity and exploration of risk factors for exposure in Busia county, western Kenya: Analysis of the PAZ dataset

Evidence of Histoplasma capsulatum seropositivity and exploration of risk factors for exposure in Busia county, western Kenya: Analysis of the PAZ dataset

Histoplasmosis in Africa: Current perspectives, knowledge gaps, and research priorities

Histoplasma seropositivity and environmental risk factors for exposure in a general population in Upper River Region, The Gambia: A cross-sectional study

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