Detection of HTLV‐I and HTLV‐II infection in Africans using type‐specific envelope peptides

Goubau, Patrick; Desmyter, Jan; Swanson, Priscilla; Reynders, Martin; Shih, James Wai Kuo; Surmont, I.; Kazadi, K.; Lee, H.

doi:10.1002/jmv.1890390107

Cited by 37 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…HTLV-II infection in the African continent has also been reported (Delaporte et al, 1991;Goubau et al, 1992Goubau et al, , 1993aFroment et al, 1993;Gessain et al, 1994Gessain et al, , 1995Tuppin et al, 1996). (1995) have shown that two splice sites in the pX region of HTLV-IIa-Mo at positions 6807 and 6944 produced two additional dicistronic doubly spliced mRNAs, and they characterized the two proteins pl0 x~ and pll xv from the longest of these mRNAs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Complete nucleotide sequence of the Italian human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II isolate Gu and phylogenetic identification of a possible origin of South European epidemics

Salemi

Vandamme

Guano

et al. 1996

Journal of General Virology

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The complete nucleotide sequence of a human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II isolate (HTLV-II-Gu) from an Italian injecting drug user was obtained, representing the first entire sequence of a European HTLV-II isolate. The HTLV-II-Gu genome was more similar to the HTLV-IIb-NRA isolate (98-4%) and HTLV-Ilb-G12 (98'2%) than to HTLV-IIa-Mo (95.2%). The classification of HTLV-II-Gu as subtype IIb was confirmed by restriction analysis. Just as for HTLV-IIa strain Mo, HTLV-IIb-Gu cultured lymphocytes produce two additional mRNAs generated through alternative splicing in the pX region. A phylogenetic analysis was performed by using the methods of neighbour-joining and parsimony with bootstrapping, and maximum likelihood. The different gene regions were analysed separately, comparing Gu with all other HTLV-II strains presently available. In the LTR, as well as in other genome regions, a clear separation between IIa and IIb was evident, and within the IIb subtype three clusters were present of which two were well supported; one contained exclusively Amerindian strains and the other included all Italian and Spanish strains together with two strains obtained from New York drug users. All data clearly showed that HTLV-IIa and IIb subtypes are closely related and are equidistant from HTLV-I, suggesting that both groups evolved simultaneously. The results suggest that HTLV-II-Gu and other IIb South European isolates were probably derived from North American IIb isolates. The data also indicate that sequence analysis is necessary to further classify IIa and IIb subtypes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Complete nucleotide sequence of the Italian human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II isolate Gu and phylogenetic identification of a possible origin of South European epidemics

Salemi

Vandamme

Guano

et al. 1996

Journal of General Virology

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“…HTLV-I sero-surveys in South Africa have focussed mainly on selected communities [15,[24][25][26][28][29][30], with little data from the general population. Caution must however be exercised when interpreting HTLV-I serological results on serum samples of African origin as unrecognized but related retroviruses may be present [26,30,44]. The relatively high HTLV-I seroprevalence rates reported in early studies [24,25,45] may therefore be overestimates as no WB confirmatory testing was done on sera found to be positive by enzyme immunoassay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this investigation no evidence of HTLV-I infection was detected in DBSs collected in 1993, while in 1994 a seroprevalence rate of 0-38 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] = 0-0l6-0160 %) was recorded in the same community, with an overall seroprevalence rate of 0-44% (95% CI=0 17-0-71%) for the region. In community-based studies, an HTLV-I seroprevalence rate of 02 % (95 % CI = 0-01-13 %) was reported in sera from 428 black South African pregnant women from the Pretoria area [44], and Maaga and coworkers [31] reported a seroprevalence rate of 0-2 % in sera collected in 1989 from 509 healthy black family volunteers from the Ga-Rankuwa area (north-west of Pretoria) of the Gauteng region. To date only one case of HTLV-II seropositivity has been recorded in South Africa, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiology of HTLV-I in relation to that of HIV-1 in the Gauteng region, South Africa, using dried blood spots on filter papers

Taylor

Parker²,

Crewe-Brown

et al. 1996

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYThe seroprevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I), in relation to that of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), was determined in a comparative unlinked anonymous antenatal and neonatal (for indirect measurement of maternal antibodies) serosurvey in the Gauteng region of South Africa, using dried blood spots (DBS) and modified particle agglutination assays. Samples were confirmed to be antibody positive by western blot. A total of 2582 DBS collected during 1993 and 1994 from subjects of African, European and coloured origin were tested. Ten were confirmed as positive for HTLV-I and 128 for HIV-1. No antibodies to HTLV-I or HIV-1 were demonstrated in the 221 women of European and coloured origin who were screened. The HTLV-I seroprevalence rate in subjects of African origin appeared to increase -from 0 % in 1993 to 0-49 % in 1994, while HIV-1 seroprevalence rates of 5-2 % and 5-4 % were recorded for 1993 and 1994 respectively. No significant differences in HTLV-I and HIV-1 seroprevalence rates were noted for the two areas investigated. These results indicate that HTLV-I should be included in infection control programs, and provide baseline data for monitoring the possible spread of HTLV-I in the heterosexual population in this region.

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“…The virus has been shown to be endemic in a number of native American Indian tribes (Biglione et al 1993;Black et al 1994;Ijichi et al 1993;Lairmore et al 1990; Levine et al 1993;Maloney et al 1992). HTLV-II infection in the African continent has also been reported (Delaporte et al 1991;Froment et al 1993;Gessain et al 1995;Goubau et al 1992Goubau et al , 1993aGoubau et al ,b, 1996Tuppin et al 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Rate and Genetic Heterogeneity of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type II (HTLV-II) Using Isolates from European Injecting Drug Users

et al. 1998

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Seven new Italian and two new British HTLV-II isolates were obtained from injecting drug users and the entire long terminal repeat (LTR) region was sequenced. Restriction analysis showed that all the Italian isolates are of the IIb subtype, whereas the British isolates are of the IIa subtype. To understand whether the further differentiation of each two principal HTLV-II subtypes in several subgroups could be statistically supported by phylogenetic analysis, the neighbor-joining, parsimony, and maximum likelihood methods were used. The separation between IIa and IIb is very well supported by all three methods. At least two phylogenetic subgroups exist within the HTLV-IIa and at least three within the HTLV-IIb subtype. In the present analysis, no statistical support was obtained for additional phylogroups. Two particular subgroups seem interesting because they include all European and North American injecting drug user strains within the IIa and IIb subtypes, respectively. These data confirm that European HTLV-II infection among drug users is probably derived from North America. They also suggest that though a certain differentiation by restriction analysis in different subgroups is possible, carefully interpreted phylogenetic analyses remain necessary. Using the likelihood ratio test, a molecular clock for the drug user strains was calibrated. A fixation rate between 1.08 x 10(-4) and 2.7 x 10(-5) nucleotide substitutions per site per year was calculated for the IIa and IIb injecting drug user strains. This is the lowest fixation rate so far reported for RNA viruses, including for HIV, which typically range between 10(-2) and 10(-4).

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Detection of HTLV‐I and HTLV‐II infection in Africans using type‐specific envelope peptides

Cited by 37 publications

References 25 publications

Complete nucleotide sequence of the Italian human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II isolate Gu and phylogenetic identification of a possible origin of South European epidemics

Complete nucleotide sequence of the Italian human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II isolate Gu and phylogenetic identification of a possible origin of South European epidemics

Seroepidemiology of HTLV-I in relation to that of HIV-1 in the Gauteng region, South Africa, using dried blood spots on filter papers

Evolutionary Rate and Genetic Heterogeneity of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type II (HTLV-II) Using Isolates from European Injecting Drug Users

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