Detection of human herpesvirus 7 infection in young children presenting with exanthema subitum

Magalhães, Ivna de Melo; Martins, Rebeca Vazquez Novo; Vianna, Renata Artimos de Oliveira; Moysés, Natalia; Afonso, Larissa Alves; Oliveira, Solange Artimos de; Cavalcanti, Silvia Maria Baeta

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762011000300020

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The sex distribution was not significant although a noticeably high percentage of male children (55.1%) were infected in comparison with females (44.9%). This differs from former studies that reported a statistical association among female children with elevated infection rates compared to their male counterparts (21,22). Concerning age, infection rates showed higher values up to the age of five years.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Concerning age, infection rates showed higher values up to the age of five years. This finding is in concordance with other study findings in Africa where measles infection mainly influenced children under the age of five (19,(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). Children have a higher possibility of being infected due to the endemicity of the virus in Africa.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Assessment of Routine Measles Vaccine Effectiveness Among Children Referring to Tertiary Fever Hospital in Egypt

Labib

Elsebaie

Fatah

et al. 2019

Arch Pediatr Infect Dis

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Background: Measles is one of the leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality in the world despite the availability of a relatively inexpensive, safe, and effective vaccine. Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate measles vaccine effectiveness as one of the fundamental actions to eliminate measles infection. The specific objectives were to estimate the measles vaccine effectiveness at the level of under 12-year-old children population using the Egyptian surveillance data for cases seeking medical care at Embaba Fever Hospital between March 2017 and February 2018 and to determine the trend of measles virus infection during the same period. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Embaba Fever Hospital in Giza Governorate for the evaluation of measles vaccine effectiveness. In total, 466 patients were enrolled in the study and investigated clinically and laboratory to confirm the diagnosis of measles. Results: Of the 466 children, 69 (14.8%) tested positive for measles IgM antibodies. Children in the 1-4 year age group had the highest positivity rate to measles antibodies (43.5%), followed by the age group of ≥ 5 years (29%) and the age group of < 1 year (27.5%). The overall estimated vaccine effectiveness was 80.7% (95% CI: 63.7-90.8%) for the one-dose measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) and 91.8% (95% CI: 88.0-94.5%) for the two-dose vaccine. Conclusions: Measles infection is still high among vaccinated and unvaccinated children in Egypt. Therefore, it is suggested that a sustainable plan be developed for achieving high vaccination coverage among children younger than five years of age.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Assessment of Routine Measles Vaccine Effectiveness Among Children Referring to Tertiary Fever Hospital in Egypt

Labib

Elsebaie

Fatah

et al. 2019

Arch Pediatr Infect Dis

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“…Previously, PCR has been used in the detection of several different virus genomes in saliva; including HIV, dengue, CMV, influenza H1N1, and HHV-7; and in some cases PCR from saliva can be used as an early diagnostic test of infection (Balamane et al, 2010; Bilder et al, 2011; Boppana et al, 2011; Magalhaes Ide et al, 2011; Poloni et al, 2010). Therefore, we compared the time of detectable vDNA in blood with that of oropharyngeal secretions.…”

Section: 0 Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of disease and viral biomarkers as triggers for therapeutic intervention in respiratory mousepox – An animal model of smallpox

et al. 2012

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The human population is currently faced with the potential use of natural or recombinant variola and monkeypox viruses as biological weapons. Furthermore, the emergence of human monkeypox in Africa and its expanding environs poses a significant natural threat. Such occurrences would require therapeutic and prophylactic intervention with antivirals to minimize morbidity and mortality of exposed populations. Two orally-bioavailable antivirals are currently in clinical trials; namely CMX001, an ether-lipid analogue of cidofovir with activity at the DNA replication stage and ST-246, a novel viral egress inhibitor. Both of these drugs have previously been evaluated in the ectromelia/mousepox system; however, the trigger for intervention was not linked to a disease biomarker or a specific marker of virus replication. In this study we used lethal, intranasal, ectromelia virus infections of C57BL/6 and hairless SKH1 mice to model human disease and evaluate exanthematous rash (rash) as an indicator to initiate antiviral treatment. We show that significant protection can be provided to C57BL/6 mice by CMX001 or ST-246 when therapy is initiated on day 6 post infection or earlier. We also show that significant protection can be provided to SKH1 mice treated with CMX001 at day 3 post infection or earlier, but this is 4 or more days before detection of rash (ST-246 not tested). Although in this model rash could not be used as a treatment trigger, viral DNA was detected in blood by day 4 post infection and in the oropharyngeal secretions (saliva) by day 2-3 post infection – thus providing robust and specific markers of virus replication for therapy initiation. These findings are discussed in the context of current respiratory challenge animal models in use for the evaluation of poxvirus antivirals.

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“…По результатам зарубежных исследований у детей и взрослых в слюне доминирующим типом ВЭБ во всем мире является ВЭБ-1 (70-90%) [28,44]. В современных работах продемонстрирована принципиальная возможность обнаружения в слюне детей ВГЧ-6А и ВГЧ-6В [30,32,34,36]. В основном преобладает ВГЧ-6В (96-100%), а ВГЧ-6А детектируется значительно реже.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Methodological approaches to differential detection of EBV1/EBV2 and HHV6A/HHV6B in saliva

Попкова

Уткин

Bryzgalova

et al. 2022

Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity

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EpsteinBarr virus (EBV) and human herpesviruses 6A and 6B (HHV6A and HHV6B) are ubiquitous, infecting representatives of all social groups, starting from early childhood. Currently, information on the genetic heterogeneity of EBV, even at the level of the main types (EBV1 and EBV2), as well as HHV6A and HHV6B, their prevalence and clinical significance are limited mainly by foreign data. In Russia, there are not so many publications devoted to this issue. In this case, the objects of study are mainly plasma and leukocytes of peripheral blood, scrapings or swabs from the oropharynx are used much less often. Saliva is the main factor in the transmission and spread of EBV and HHV6A/B infections. Saliva testing is an affordable, inexpensive, and non-invasive method for detecting viral DNA. The purpose of this work is to improve the methodological base for differential detection of HHV6A/HHV6B and the main types of EBV in saliva. The material for the study was unstimulated mixed saliva of children aged 117 years with acute infectious mononucleosis (n = 22) and no clinical symptoms of this disease (n = 26), as well as conditionally healthy adults (n = 9). Samples were collected once and dynamically (daily for 14 days). The detection and quantification of EBV DNA and HHV6A/B DNA was performed using real-time PCR. For the differential determination of EBV1/EBV2 and HHV6A/HHV6B, an optimized one-round PCR variant with electrophoretic detection of amplification products in an agarose gel was used. Statistical data processing was carried out using the R programming language and the RStudio environment. According to the results of our own research, the frequency of detection of EBV, HHV6A/B and EBV+HHV6A/B DNA in acute infectious mononucleosis was 95, 91 and 86%, and among conventionally healthy children 69, 85 and 61.5%, respectively. It was found that among the examined children of the Nizhny Novgorod Region, EBV1 and HHV6B prevail in the viral population, which is consistent with existing ideas about their geographical distribution in the adjacent territories. EBV2 and HHV6A were not detected in any of the examined saliva samples. According to the results of 14-day dynamic monitoring of saliva virus secretion in healthy virus carriers (adults and children), it was shown that a single EBV DNA study does not allow to reliably assess the infection of individuals or the intensity of EBV secretion. In this case, HHV6A/B is characterized by a more constant and uniform release. The methodological approach optimized in this work makes it possible to separately detect EBV1/EBV2 and HHV6A/HHV6B according to a single laboratory protocol, and in combination with an additional stage of saliva sample preparation increases the diagnostic sensitivity of PCR analysis, minimizes the proportion of discordant and false negative results. Such an integrated approach can be applied for diagnostic, epidemiological and research purposes.

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Detection of human herpesvirus 7 infection in young children presenting with exanthema subitum

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Assessment of Routine Measles Vaccine Effectiveness Among Children Referring to Tertiary Fever Hospital in Egypt

Assessment of Routine Measles Vaccine Effectiveness Among Children Referring to Tertiary Fever Hospital in Egypt

Evaluation of disease and viral biomarkers as triggers for therapeutic intervention in respiratory mousepox – An animal model of smallpox

Methodological approaches to differential detection of EBV1/EBV2 and HHV6A/HHV6B in saliva

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