Detection of Human Parechoviruses from Clinical Stool Samples in Aichi, Japan

Human Parechoviruses, New Players in the Pathogenesis of Viral Meningitis

“…HPeV3 comprised 22 to 26% of the HPeV types identified in HPeV positive stool samples collected in the Amsterdam region, while the majority of the HPeV positive stool samples comprised HPeV1 (65-71%) (Benschop et al, 2006a(Benschop et al, , 2008c(Benschop et al, , 2010a. Similar data were found in studies on stool samples in other European countries (Baumgarte et al, 2008;Tapia et al, 2008), and Asia (Ito et al, 2010;Pham et al, 2010Pham et al, , 2011aWatanabe et al, 2007) where HPeV1 was identified as the most prevalent type, followed by HPeV3. HPeV4 is frequently found in stools as well (Benschop et al, 2008c(Benschop et al, , 2010aBoros et al, 2010;Pham et al, 2011b;Zhong et al, 2011), while HPeV6 seems to prevail as a secondary respiratory pathogen (Harvala et al, 2008).…”

“…Epidemiological studies dating back over 30 year ago, showed HPeV1 to be widely spread (Ehrnst & Eriksson, 1993;Grist et al, 1978;Joki-Korpela & Hyypia, 1998;Khetsuriani et al, 2006b). In recent studies, involving the detection of the newer HPeV types, the new HPeV type 3 is identified as the second predominant strain (Benschop et al, 2006a(Benschop et al, , 2008c(Benschop et al, , 2010aIto et al, 2010;Tapia et al, 2008;Watanabe et al, 2007). HPeV3 comprised 22 to 26% of the HPeV types identified in HPeV positive stool samples collected in the Amsterdam region, while the majority of the HPeV positive stool samples comprised HPeV1 (65-71%) (Benschop et al, 2006a(Benschop et al, , 2008c(Benschop et al, , 2010a.…”

First Isolation of Human Parechovirus Type 4 in Yamagata, Japan

“…Although no virus was isolated, real-time PCR was positive for both HPeV and coronavirus OC43. We confirmed the sequence of the viral protein 1 region of HPeV4 using PCR and sequence analysis using primers HPeV-VP1S and HPeV-VP1AS (8), and the data were registered under GenBank accession number LC259313. We then inoculated the specimen onto the LLC-MK2-N cell line.…”

“…In 3 large-scale studies that involved more than 600 patients with respiratory diseases, the prevalence rate of HPeV infection was 0.4 -3 , and these studies detected HPeV1, HPeV3, and HPeV6 but not HPeV4 (2-5). HPeV4 has been detected and isolated infrequently, and only 1-4 cases of HPeV4 detection have been reported alongside reports on detection of other HPeVs, such as HPeV1, HPeV3, and HPeV6 (2,(6)(7)(8).…”

Cytokine Storm may Play a Role in the Pathogenesis of Human Parechovirus Type 3-Associated Acute Encephalopathy in Neonates: A Case Report

“…He was discharged on the 11th day of admission. PCR analyses using CSF, serum, pharyngeal mucosal epithelia and stool samples were all positive for HPeV3 [6] but negative for Serumferritin level (1,990 pg/dl at 10 days old of age) and urinary beta-2-microglobulin (B2MG) (4268 µg/l per 7 mg/dl urinary creatinine at 8 days of age) were elevated whereas neither serum nor CSF interleukin 6 were elevated (3.6 pg/ml; normal, <4.0 pg/ml and 4.0 pg/ml; normal, <4.0 pg/ml, respectively). …”