Detection ofBorrelia burgdorferiandBorrelia lonestariin Birds in Tennessee

Jordan, Blake; Onks, K. R.; Hamilton, Steven W.; Hayslette, Steven E.; Wright, Steven J.

doi:10.1603/033.046.0117

Cited by 30 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Borrelia burgdorferi was identified in only two ticks (one larva, one nymph). In North America, birds are competent reservoirs for this species (Jordan et al, 2009), whereas European strains of Bo. burgdorferi occur in bird-feeding ticks even less frequently than Bo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retracted: Established and emerging pathogens inIxodes ricinusticks collected from birds on a conservation island in the Baltic Sea

Franke¹,

Meier²,

Moldenhauer³

et al. 2010

Medical and Veterinary Entomology

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Tick-borne pathogens such as Lyme borreliosis spirochaetes, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Rickettsia spp. and Babesia spp. cause a great variety of diseases in animals and humans. Although their importance with respect to emerging human diseases is increasing, many issues about their ecology are still unclear. In spring 2007, 191 Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks were collected from 99 birds of 11 species on a bird conservation island in the Baltic Sea in order to test them for Borrelia spp., A. phagocytophilum, Rickettsia spp. and Babesia spp. infections. Identification of the pathogens was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analysis. The majority of birds with ticks testing positive were European robins and thrushes. Borrelia DNA was detected in 14.1%, A. phagocytophilum in 2.6%, rickettsiae in 7.3% and Babesia spp. in 4.7% of the ticks. Co-infections with different pathogens occurred in six ticks (3.1%). The fact that 11 ticks (five larvae, six nymphs) were infected with Borrelia afzelii suggests that birds may, contrary to current opinion, serve as reservoir hosts for this species. Among rickettsial infections, we identified Rickettsia monacensis and Rickettsia helvetica. As we detected five Rickettsia spp. positive larvae and two birds carried more than one infected tick, transmission of those pathogens from birds to ticks appears possible. Further characterization of Babesia infections revealed Babesia divergens and Babesia microti. The occurrence of Babesia spp. in a total of five larvae suggests that birds may be able to infect ticks, at least with Ba. microti, a species considered not to be transmitted transovarially in ticks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retracted: Established and emerging pathogens inIxodes ricinusticks collected from birds on a conservation island in the Baltic Sea

Franke¹,

Meier²,

Moldenhauer³

et al. 2010

Medical and Veterinary Entomology

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“…Shariat et al (2007) reported B. burgdorferi from 2 of 18 pooled samples of D. albipictus removed from white-tailed deer in Cheatham County. Similarly, Jordan et al (2009) reported the pathogen from 14% of wild turkey and 17% of migratory waterfowl blood samples collected from a site in middle Tennessee and reported further detections from these species in ten surrounding counties. A. americanum was the most common tick collected in that study; no I. scapularis was observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Borrelia burgdorferi Not Detected in Widespread Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) Collected From White-Tailed Deer in Tennessee

et al. 2012

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Lyme disease (LD), caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted in the eastern United States by blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis Say, is classified as nonendemic in Tennessee and surrounding states in the Southeast. Low incidence of LD in these states has been attributed, in part, to vector ticks being scarce or absent; however, tick survey data for many counties are incomplete or out of date. To improve our knowledge of the distribution, abundance, and Borrelia spp. prevalence of I. scapularis, we collected ticks from 1,018 hunter-harvested white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmerman)) from 71 of 95 Tennessee counties in fall 2007 and 2008. In total, 160 deer (15.7%) from 35 counties were infested with adult I. scapularis; 30 of these counties were new distributional records for this tick. The mean number of I. scapularis collected per infested deer was 5.4 +/- 0.6 SE. Of the 883 I. scapularis we removed from deer, none were positive for B. burgdorferi and one tested positive for B. miyamotoi. Deer are not reservoir hosts for B. burgdorferi; nevertheless, past surveys in northern LD-endemic states have readily detected B. burgdoreferi in ticks collected from deer. We conclude that I. scapularis is far more widespread in Tennessee than previously reported. The absence of detectable B. burgdorferi infection among these ticks suggests that the LD risk posed by I. scapularis in the surveyed areas of Tennessee is much lower than in LD-endemic areas of the Northeast and upper Midwest.

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“…Several species of birds act as hosts for one or more stages of ticks and may spread ticks and pathogens to various parts of the world (Ogrzewalska et al 2008(Ogrzewalska et al , 2009a(Ogrzewalska et al , b, 2011Ioannou et al 2009;Jordan et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bird ticks in an area of the Cerrado of Minas Gerais State, southeast Brazil

et al. 2012

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In the present study the tick prevalence, mean intensity of infestation and species were recorded on birds captured between January 2009 and December 2010 in the Ecological Station Pirapitinga-ESEC from Minas Gerais State, Brazil. A total of 967 birds, from 15 families and 40 species were captured and 165 (17.1 %) individuals were parasitized by ticks. Of these 160 (97 %) belonged to the order Passeriformes. Five tick species were identified: Amblyomma longirostre (n = 274) was the most common species followed by Amblyomma parvum (n = 43), Amblyomma nodosum (n = 39), Amblyomma ovale (n = 24) and Riphicephalus sanguineus (n = 7). None of 61 unengorged larvae molted to nymph. The mean intensity of infestation was 2.7 ± 2.4 ticks per bird (448 ticks/165 birds) ranging from 1 to 10. Only 19 (11.4 %) birds were infested with one species of tick. The remaining birds were infested by two, three or four species of ticks. Also new hosts for all five ticks were recorded. Only nymphs were recorded throughout the year with two similar peaks during autumn and winter 2009 and 2010.

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Detection ofBorrelia burgdorferiandBorrelia lonestariin Birds in Tennessee

Cited by 30 publications

References 48 publications

Retracted: Established and emerging pathogens inIxodes ricinusticks collected from birds on a conservation island in the Baltic Sea

Retracted: Established and emerging pathogens inIxodes ricinusticks collected from birds on a conservation island in the Baltic Sea

<I>Borrelia burgdorferi</I> Not Detected in Widespread <I>Ixodes scapularis</I> (Acari: Ixodidae) Collected From White-Tailed Deer in Tennessee

Bird ticks in an area of the Cerrado of Minas Gerais State, southeast Brazil

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