Detection of <i>Brucella Canis</i>–Induced Reproductive Diseases in a Kennel

Gyuranecz, Miklós; Szeredi, Levente; Rónai, Zsuzsanna; Jankovics, I.; Dencső, László; Dán, Ádám; Pálmai, Nimród; Hauser, Zsófia; Lami, Erzsébet; Makrai, László; Erdélyi, Károly; Jánosi, Szilárd

doi:10.1177/104063871102300127

Cited by 51 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Therefore, it may be that B. canis displays an infectivity similar to that of the other zoonotic brucellae but has the potential to produce no symptoms for prolonged periods (16,17) by using a stealth strategy. Histological examination of a dog's infected placenta has sug-gested that B. canis replicates intracellularly (18). In addition, large numbers of B. canis bacteria attach to the cell surface; however, studies of cells have failed to demonstrate unambiguously that this bacterium actually replicates intracellularly (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25).…”

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Brucella canis Is an Intracellular Pathogen That Induces a Lower Proinflammatory Response than Smooth Zoonotic Counterparts

et al. 2015

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e Canine brucellosis caused by Brucella canis is a disease of dogs and a zoonotic risk. B. canis harbors most of the virulence determinants defined for the genus, but its pathogenic strategy remains unclear since it has not been demonstrated that this natural rough bacterium is an intracellular pathogen. Studies of B. canis outbreaks in kennel facilities indicated that infected dogs displaying clinical signs did not present hematological alterations. A virulent B. canis strain isolated from those outbreaks readily replicated in different organs of mice for a protracted period. However, the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-12 in serum were close to background levels. Furthermore, B. canis induced lower levels of gamma interferon, less inflammation of the spleen, and a reduced number of granulomas in the liver in mice than did B. abortus. When the interaction of B. canis with cells was studied ex vivo, two patterns were observed, a predominant scattered cell-associated pattern of nonviable bacteria and an infrequent intracellular replicative pattern of viable bacteria in a perinuclear location. The second pattern, responsible for the increase in intracellular multiplication, was dependent on the type IV secretion system VirB and was seen only if the inoculum used for cell infections was in early exponential phase. Intracellular replicative B. canis followed an intracellular trafficking route undistinguishable from that of B. abortus. Although B. canis induces a lower proinflammatory response and has a stealthier replication cycle, it still displays the pathogenic properties of the genus and the ability to persist in infected organs based on the ability to multiply intracellularly. Brucellosis is a disease of animals and humans caused by members of the genus Brucella. Zoonotic species such as Brucella melitensis, Brucella abortus, and Brucella suis are facultative extracellular-intracellular stealthy pathogens that are able to overcome innate immunity at early times of infection (1-3) and at specific stages of adaptive immunity (4, 5). In addition to influencing the immune response, these Brucella species are able to circumvent the killing action of professional and nonprofessional phagocytes, transit within phagocytic vacuoles, and replicate extensively within the endoplasmic reticulum of cells (6). These properties allow the bacterium to spread throughout the reticuloendothelial system and promote chronic infection (3).There are other Brucella species that are also relevant pathogens; however, their infective strategies remain unclear and are not in tune with the solid results accepted for the previously mentioned zoonotic brucellae. Among these are Brucella canis, the etiological agent of brucellosis in dogs and a zoonotic pathogen (7). This pathogen induces a subclinical infection that may remain undiagnosed for protracted periods (8-10). B. canis invades the conjunctiva or the oronasal system or penetrates through the venereal route. Then it is distributed to different organs...

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Brucella canis Is an Intracellular Pathogen That Induces a Lower Proinflammatory Response than Smooth Zoonotic Counterparts

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“…La eliminación de la bacteria durante y posterior al aborto es muy alta (> 10 10 bacterias/mL de fluido) 4,16 , y puede persistir por meses e incluso años, de forma intermitente 6,33 ; corroborando que es esta la principal ruta de eliminación y transmisión de la hembras 17 . Borie et al 34 y Álvarez & Casco 33 comprobaron que un canino tras 4-8 semanas de infección alcanza una eliminación de 10 3 -10 6 bacterias/mL de orina o semen y 10 10 por descargas vaginales posteriores al aborto o parto.…”

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“…A nivel mundial, se han reportado varios casos de humanos positivos con aislamiento de B. canis 9,11,12 , los cuales han sido principalmente personas convivientes con caninos infectados, como criadores y poseedores de mascotas, profesionales del área de la salud animal y en contacto con material biológico, adicionalmente, personas inmunocomprometidas como niños y enfermos de VIH 9, 11,13 . En Latinoamérica, en los últimos años se han reportado varios casos humanos 9,14 provocados por B. canis, coincidiendo, además, con altos porcentajes de seroprevalencia canina en diferentes ciudades 15,16,17,18 . En Colombia, se han encontrado criadores asintomáticos seropositivos y se logró el aislamiento de la bacteria en uno de ellos 19 .…”

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Factores asociados con la seropositividad a Brucella canis en criaderos caninos de dos regiones de Antioquia, Colombia

et al. 2013

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El objetivo fue determinar la seroprevalencia a Brucella canis en perros y humanos convivientes en criaderos caninos y explorar los factores de riesgo asociados a la seropositividad. Se tomaron 20 criaderos, en los cuales se realizó diagnóstico serológico por PARP-2ME de 428 caninos y 91 humanos. Se aplicó una encuesta para determinar los factores de riesgo y se analizaron los datos mediante regresión logística. Se determinó una seroprevalencia de 15% en caninos y 9% en humanos convivientes. Se determinaron como factores asociados a la seropositividad canina el historial de seropositividad canina, conservar los caninos seropositivos, historial de aborto, higiene y protección del operario deficientes durante el servicio reproductivo, y procedimiento inseguro durante la atención de abortos. Como factores protectores se establecieron la ubicación rural de los criaderos, facilidad de aseo de los caniles, PARP-2ME premonta, y procedimiento seguro durante la atención de partos. En humanos se determinaron factores asociados: criaderos ubicados en el Valle Aburrá y de tipo urbano.

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“…Gyuranecz et al (2011), stated that B. canis can cause abortion and stillbirth in pregnant dogs particularly at the 7 th to 9 th week of gestation. Based on the level of awareness of canine brucellosis among dog owners in Jos, more of the respondents were unaware of the disease compared to those who had knowledge on it and this could be responsible for the prevalence of the infection in the study area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors and level of awareness of canine brucellosis in Jos, Plateau state, Nigeria

Habiba¹,

Gabriel²,

Ajogi³

et al. 2015

J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health

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Jos has a large population of dogs because of its cultural acceptance as meat, good weather condition for exotic breeds, persistent security challenges and dog breeding activities which is very lucrative. This study was undertaken to determine the risk factors and level of awareness of canine brucellosis among dog owners in Jos by means of a structured questionnaire. Three hundred and fifty respondents were interviewed and 350 sera samples collected from dogs presented by these respondents were analysed using the Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT). The seropositivity of 113 (32.3%) obtained by the RBPT was compared with information provided by the respondents. Seropositivity of dogs managed indoors was 13.9% whereas it was 37.1% in those managed outdoors. A large proportion of 76.9% of the respondents lacked knowledge of canine brucellosis. Likewise, 81.4% of the respondents took no precaution before and after dog handling and a large proportion of 74.6% consumed undercooked dog meat. This study showed that there is a high risk of exposure of dog owners, handlers and Veterinarians to the disease and therefore enlightenment programmes on canine brucellosis as a zoonosis should be carried out in Jos.

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Detection of Brucella Canis–Induced Reproductive Diseases in a Kennel

Cited by 51 publications

References 11 publications

Brucella canis Is an Intracellular Pathogen That Induces a Lower Proinflammatory Response than Smooth Zoonotic Counterparts

Brucella canis Is an Intracellular Pathogen That Induces a Lower Proinflammatory Response than Smooth Zoonotic Counterparts

Factores asociados con la seropositividad a Brucella canis en criaderos caninos de dos regiones de Antioquia, Colombia

Risk factors and level of awareness of canine brucellosis in Jos, Plateau state, Nigeria

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