Detection of <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> G3 in a Wild Boar (<i>Sus scrofa</i>) in Central Italy using PCR and Sequencing

Paolo, Antonella Di; Piseddu, Toni; Sebastianelli, Martina; Manuali, Elisabetta; Corneli, Sara; Paniccià, Marta; Papa, Paola; Viali, Selina; Mazzone, Piera

doi:10.7589/2015-12-344

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In Italy, Varcasia et al (2008b) reported a prevalence of 3.7% for genotype G1 of 461 wild boars analysed from Sardinia. In central Italy, Di Nicola et al (2015) revealed a prevalence of 6% among 101 analysed wild boars from Abruzzo and Lazio regions, whereas recently Di Paolo et al (2017) reported for the first time the genotype G3 in wild boar in Europe. In a recent epidemiological survey, Paoletti et al (2018) showed a prevalence of 1.0% (8/765) for G1 with a fertility rate of 0.3% from central Italy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The role of wild boar as intermediate host of E. granulosus s.l. was reported in Spain (Martin-Hernando et al, 2008), Italy (Di Paolo et al, 2017) and France (Corsica) (Umhang et al, 2014). The data in Italy on the sylvatic cycle by epidemiological investigations on the diffusion of CE are scarce and only two studies have reported E. granulosus s.s. genotypes G1 and G3 in wild boars from non-endemic areas (Di Paolo et al, 2017; Paoletti et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Cystic echinococcosis in wild boars (Sus scrofa) from southern Italy: Epidemiological survey and molecular characterization

Sgroi

Varcasia

Dessì

et al. 2019

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) is one of the most important parasitic zoonotic diseases in the world and it represents an important public health and socio-economic concern. In the Mediterranean basin, CE is widespread and it is endemic in Italy, with major prevalence in southern areas. Several studies have investigated CE in domestic pigs, however, such data in wild boars are scant. In the last decades the wild boar population in Italy has increased and this ungulate could play an important role in the spreading of CE in the wild. Here we report on the prevalence and fertility rate of hydatid cysts in wild boars that were shot during two hunting seasons (2016–2017) in the Campania region of southern Italy. For each animal, a detailed inspection of the carcass and organs (lungs, liver and spleen) was performed and when cysts were found, their number, morphology and fertility were determined by visual and microscopic examination. Cysts were classified morphologically as fertile, sterile, caseous and calcified. Protoscoleces and germinal layers were collected from individual cysts and DNA was extracted to identify different strains/genotypes of E. granulosus s.l. Out of a total of 2108 wild boars 93 (4.4%) were found positive for CE. Infected animals were 45 males and 48 females, aged between 1 and 8 years. The average number of cysts per wild boar was 1.3 (min 1 - max 13). The total number of cysts collected was 123, of which 118 (95.9%) in the liver, 4 (3.3%) in the lungs and 1 (0.8%) in the spleen. Of all analyzed cysts, 70 (56.9%) were fertile and 53 (43.1%) sterile/acephalous. The presence of fertile cysts in 19.4% of CE-positive animals is noteworthy. Overall, molecular diagnosis showed 19 wild boars infected with the pig strain (G7).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Cystic echinococcosis in wild boars (Sus scrofa) from southern Italy: Epidemiological survey and molecular characterization

Sgroi

Varcasia

Dessì

et al. 2019

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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“…Wild boars are intermediate hosts of E. granulosus s.l. and are likely to be involved in the epidemiology of the parasite in its sylvatic cycle (Di Paolo et al , 2017 ; Paoletti et al , 2018 ). Despite the wide distribution of wild boar populations in Italy (Toso and Pedrotti, 2001 ), few studies evaluated the presence of E. granulosus in wild boars (Di Paolo et al , 2017 ; Paoletti et al , 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic cysts in wild boars hunted in Central Italy: The sanitary controls in the wild game meats chain

et al. 2021

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Seven hundred sixty-five (765) adult wild boars were examined during the 2016/2017 hunting season for the research of parasites. Post mortem inspection was carried out at the slaughterhouse by the Official Veterinarian on the plucks (heart, tongue, lungs, diaphragm, and liver) of the killed animals presented by hunters. Of these, 0.8% (6/765) were positive for Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.), and 2.6% (20/765) were positive for the metacestode stage of Taenia hydatigena (Cysticercus tenuicollis), while 0.5% (4/765) animals showed a mixed infection (Echinococcus granulosus s.l. and Taenia hydatigena). Sixty-three (63) cystic lesions were found. Of these 25,4% (16/63) were caused by Echinococcus granulosus s.l. and 74,6% (47/63) were caused by Cysticercus tenuicollis. The more involved organs were liver and lungs, in a less extension omentum and diaphragm. Parasitological analyses showed an overall prevalence of 3.9% for metacestodes in the hunted animals examined (Paoletti et al., 2018). Hydatids were molecularly characterized as E. granulosus sensu stricto. Trichinella spp. examination results showed no evidences of parasitic cysts. The products of hunting used for own consumption and direct sale to the final consumer or retailer, according to Regulation (EC) No 853/2004, lack of overall control by the Competent Authority. This is a critical point in the food chain of the game meat. The data obtained show the importance of the post mortem inspection and the central role of the Competent Authority to ensure not only the food safety of game meat but also to collect data for extensive epidemiological investigations on live-stocks wildlife settings having a direct impact on public health.

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“…Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (sheep strain genotype G1) is a common gastrointestinal parasite whose life cycle depends upon the predator-prey relationship (Friesen and Roth 2016) and it is an important emerging and reemerging zoonotic agent, above all in the Mediterranean basin (Poglayen et al 2017). Ungulates often comprise the majority of wolf diet (Meriggi et al 2011), but no wild cycle of E. granulosus has been described in Italy (Di Paolo et al 2017). Therefore, the presence of echinococcosis in the MC pack is probably linked to predation on domestic animals, as suggested by the predation activity registered during the sampling sessions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of selected pathogens in Apennine wolf (Canis lupus italicus) by a non-invasive GPS-based telemetry sampling of two packs from Majella National Park, Italy

et al. 2019

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In this study, a multi-pathogens survey was conducted to verify the sanitary status of two Italian wolf packs of Majella National Park. Twenty fecal samples (10/pack) were collected using a sampling protocol, based on the combining data from radio-collared wolves with geographic information system (GIS) analysis, allowing to mark off the home range of packs and to recover groupspecific and high-quality specimens. Virological screening against the most prevalent canine viruses (protoparvovirus, distemper virus, adenoviruses, and coronaviruses) was carried out by molecular methods, while parasites were detected by means of copromicroscopic and molecular analysis. Canine parvovirus type 2b (CPV-2b) is the most prevalent virus in both packs (7/20), followed by canine adenovirus type 2 (CAdV-2), while no sequences of canine distemper virus and coronaviruses were detected. The sequence analysis of the viruses demonstrated the domestic origin of the infection, highlighting the importance of vaccination of local dogs in order to reduce the risk of exposure of wildlife to these pathogens. Fourteen samples resulted positive for parasites. Capillaria aerophila (sin. Eucoleus aerophilus), Ancylostoma/Uncinaria, Trichuris vulpis eggs, Sarcocystis spp., Cystoisospora canis, and Angiostrongylus vasorum larvae were identified. Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (ovine genotype G1) and Giardia duodenalis(canid-specific Assemblage C) were also characterized, providing insights into the wolves' diet and their effects on environmental contamination. The sampling protocol applied in this study, based on a multidisciplinary approach, represents an innovative tool for the survey of Apennine wolf, able to integrate sanitary data with the ecological and demographic features of this population.

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Detection of Echinococcus granulosus G3 in a Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in Central Italy using PCR and Sequencing

Abstract: We report cystic echinococcosis in a free-living wild boar ( Sus scrofa ) in Europe. Parasites were identified by histopathology and molecular techniques, revealing Echinococcus granulosus of the G3 genotype.

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

Cystic echinococcosis in wild boars (Sus scrofa) from southern Italy: Epidemiological survey and molecular characterization

Cystic echinococcosis in wild boars (Sus scrofa) from southern Italy: Epidemiological survey and molecular characterization

Parasitic cysts in wild boars hunted in Central Italy: The sanitary controls in the wild game meats chain

Detection of selected pathogens in Apennine wolf (Canis lupus italicus) by a non-invasive GPS-based telemetry sampling of two packs from Majella National Park, Italy

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