Detection of <i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i> in nasal and laryngeal swab specimens in endemically infected pig herds

Moiso, Nicolás; Pieters, Maria; Degano, Facundo; Vissio, Claudina; Camacho, Pablo; Estanguet, Abel; Parada, Julián; Tamiozzo, Pablo

doi:10.1136/vr.105525

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition to PCV2 and PCV3 detection, according to the different symptoms of the clinical cases from which the samples were derived, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), porcine rotavirus (PoRV), porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), swine influenza virus (SIV) and (MHP) were also detected. The assays used were as described previously ( 23 – 26 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and type 3 (PCV3) in the Southwest of China during 2020–2022

Yang

Wen

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionPorcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is considered one of the viruses with substantial economic impact on swine industry in the word. Recently, porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) has been found to be associated with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS)-like disease. And the two viruses were prone to co-infect clinically.MethodsTo further investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of the two viruses, 257 pig samples from 23 different pig farms in southwest China with suspected PCVAD at different growth stages were analyzed by real-time PCR between 2020 and 2022 to determine the presence of PCV2 and PCV3.ResultsResults showed high prevalence of PCV2 and PCV3: 26.46% samples were PCV2 positive and 33.46% samples were PCV3 positive. The coinfection rate was doubled from 2020 (5.75%) to 2022 (10.45%). Subsequently, the whole genome sequences of 13 PCV2 and 18 PCV3 strains were obtained in this study. Of these, 1 strain was PCV2a, 5 strains were PCV2b and 7 strains were PCV2d, indicating that PCV2d was the predominant PCV2 genotype prevalent in the Southwest of China.DiscussionIn addition, the phylogenetic analysis of PCV3 showed high nucleotide homology (>98%) between the sequences obtained in this study and reference sequences. And 3 mutations (A24V, R27K and E128D) were found in PCV3 antibody recognition domains, which might be related to the mechanism of viral immune escape. Thus, this study will enhance our understanding of the molecular epidemiology and evolution of PCV2 and PCV3, which are conducive to the further study of the genotyping, immunogenicity and immune evasion of PCVs.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and type 3 (PCV3) in the Southwest of China during 2020–2022

Yang

Wen

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…8,[28][29][30][31] Furthermore, the lower respiratory tract represents the natural site of M. hyopneumoniae multiplication, 32 whereas the nasal mucosa may only be transiently colonised before M. hyopneumoniae reaches the lower respiratory tract. 33 Particularly, tracheobronchial swabbing seems to be suitable for M. hyopneumoniae detection, since sensitivity of detection by PCR turned out to be at least as high as that of tracheobronchial washing. 28 Moreover, tracheobronchial swabs (TBS) are less time-consuming and cost-intensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in several studies, samples from the lower respiratory tract revealed a higher sensitivity than swabs from the nasal cavity 8,28–31 . Furthermore, the lower respiratory tract represents the natural site of M. hyopneumoniae multiplication, 32 whereas the nasal mucosa may only be transiently colonised before M. hyopneumoniae reaches the lower respiratory tract 33 . Particularly, tracheobronchial swabbing seems to be suitable for M. hyopneumoniae detection, since sensitivity of detection by PCR turned out to be at least as high as that of tracheobronchial washing 28 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross‐sectional study on the in‐herd prevalence ofMycoplasma hyopneumoniaeat different stages of pig production

Deffner¹,

Maurer²,

Cvjetković³

et al. 2022

Veterinary Record

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the prevalence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections before vaccination in 3-week-old piglets and to gain information about infection dynamics. Methods: In 13 German and three Austrian farms with a known history of enzootic pneumonia, 790 piglets and 158 sows were sampled (blood samples, tracheobronchial swabs [TBS] [piglets], laryngeal swabs [LS] [sows]), and 525 pen-based oral fluids (OFs) were collected in growing and fattening pigs. Laboratory diagnostics included enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses. Results: Antibodies to M. hyopneumoniae were present in 87.5 per cent of all herds. Seroprevalence ranged from 0.0 to 100.0 per cent and 0.0 to 88.0 per cent in sows and piglets, respectively. M. hyopneumoniae-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was present in 3.8 and 0.4 per cent of LS and TBS, respectively. Gilts had a 10.9 times higher chance being M. hyopneumoniae PCR-positive than older sows. In 75.0 per cent of all farms, M. hyopneumoniae-DNA was present in OFs. Detection rate was significantly higher in OFs of 20-week-old than in younger pigs (p < 0.001). Conclusion:Results indicate that M. hyopneumoniae infections of the lower respiratory tract in piglets are rare but highlight the role of gilts in maintaining infection in the herd. Collecting OFs seems promising for surveillance, if coughing occurs simultaneously.

show abstract

“…Nasal swabs have demonstrated use in the surveillance of various porcine respiratory pathogens, including Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae ( 45 , 46 ), porcine circoviruses ( 47 – 50 ), parainfluenza virus ( 51 , 52 ), influenza A virus ( 24 , 25 , 53 ), Pasteurella multocida ( 54 , 55 ), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ( 56 ), and PRRSV ( 18 ). The use of oral swabs in surveilling swine respiratory pathogens has not gained as much traction as its more passively obtained counterpart, the oral fluid sample ( 57 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cross-sectional assessment of PRRSV nucleic acid detection by RT-qPCR in serum, ear-vein blood swabs, nasal swabs, and oral swabs from weaning-age pigs under field conditions

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionThe porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) continues to challenge swine production in the US and most parts of the world. Effective PRRSV surveillance in swine herds can be challenging, especially because the virus can persist and sustain a very low prevalence. Although weaning-age pigs are a strategic subpopulation in the surveillance of PRRSV in breeding herds, very few sample types have been validated and characterized for surveillance of this subpopulation. The objectives of this study, therefore, were to compare PRRSV RNA detection rates in serum, oral swabs (OS), nasal swabs (NS), ear-vein blood swabs (ES), and family oral fluids (FOF) obtained from weaning-age pigs and to assess the effect of litter-level pooling on the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) detection of PRRSV RNA.MethodsThree eligible PRRSV-positive herds in the Midwestern USA were selected for this study. 666 pigs across 55 litters were sampled for serum, NS, ES, OS, and FOF. RT-qPCR tests were done on these samples individually and on the litter-level pools of the swabs. Litter-level pools of each swab sample type were made by combining equal volumes of each swab taken from the pigs within a litter.ResultsNinety-six piglets distributed across 22 litters were positive by PRRSV RT-qPCR on serum, 80 piglets distributed across 15 litters were positive on ES, 80 piglets distributed across 17 litters were positive on OS, and 72 piglets distributed across 14 litters were positive on NS. Cohen's kappa analyses showed near-perfect agreement between all paired ES, OS, NS, and serum comparisons (). The serum RT-qPCR cycle threshold values (Ct) strongly predicted PRRSV detection in swab samples. There was a ≥ 95% probability of PRRSV detection in ES-, OS-, and NS pools when the proportion of positive swab samples was ≥ 23%, ≥ 27%, and ≥ 26%, respectively.DiscussionES, NS, and OS can be used as surveillance samples for detecting PRRSV RNA by RT-qPCR in weaning-age pigs. The minimum number of piglets to be sampled by serum, ES, OS, and NS to be 95% confident of detecting ≥ 1 infected piglet when PRRSV prevalence is ≥ 10% is 30, 36, 36, and 40, respectively.

show abstract

Detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in nasal and laryngeal swab specimens in endemically infected pig herds

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and type 3 (PCV3) in the Southwest of China during 2020–2022

Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and type 3 (PCV3) in the Southwest of China during 2020–2022

Cross‐sectional study on the in‐herd prevalence ofMycoplasma hyopneumoniaeat different stages of pig production

A cross-sectional assessment of PRRSV nucleic acid detection by RT-qPCR in serum, ear-vein blood swabs, nasal swabs, and oral swabs from weaning-age pigs under field conditions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About