Detection of <i>Mycoplasma synoviae</i> in clinically normal pheasants

Bradbury, Janet M.; Yavari, Christine A.; Dare, C. M.

doi:10.1136/vr.148.3.72

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This was one of the few samples that did not yield any mycoplasma growth at all and the result should be interpreted with caution. The importance of M. synoviae in game birds remains unclear, although we have isolated it from the tracheas of a batch of seven normal pheasants that were trapped near an M. synoviae-infected broiler breeder farm (Bradbury et al, 2001). Poveda et al (1986) …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasmas and respiratory disease in pheasants and partridges

Bradbury¹,

Yavari²,

Dare³

2001

Avian Pathology

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Pheasants and partridges with signs of upper respiratory disease were cultured for mycoplasmas and were also examined for Mycoplasma gallisepticu m and Mycoplasma synoviae using commercial polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kits. Sixty-two incidents of disease were investigated in pheasants and 12 in partridges. M. gallisepticu m was detected by culture in only four and three incidents in pheasants and partridges, respectively, but with PCR a further 15 M. gallisepticu m-positive incidents were detected in pheasants and another five in partridges. Several fast-growing Mycoplasma species, in particular Mycoplasma glycophilum, Mycoplasma gallinaceum and Mycoplasma pullorum, were isolated frequently and were thought to be impeding the isolation of M. gallisepticu m by outgrowing it. Samples yielding M. gallisepticu m isolates contained significantly fewer "contaminating" species and were exclusively from specimens submitted as whole heads rather than as swabs or as cultures from other laboratories. M. synoviae was not isolated and was detected in only one specimen by PCR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasmas and respiratory disease in pheasants and partridges

Bradbury¹,

Yavari²,

Dare³

2001

Avian Pathology

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“…M. synoviae did not appear to be involved in respiratory disease although it has been isolated very occasionally from clinically normal pheasants (Bradbury et al, 2001b).…”

Section: Transmission To New Hostsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Poultry mycoplasmas: sophisticated pathogens in simple guise

Bradbury¹

2005

British Poultry Science

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Mycoplasmas are a genus within the class Mollicutes (trivial name mollicutes), which are the smallest known prokaryotes capable of self-replication. They have a very small genome, and have evolved to this 'minimalist' status by losing non-essential genes, including those involved in cell wall synthesis. The mollicutes exploit their limited genetic material to the maximum and many are successful pathogens in man, animals, birds and plants. Most of those of veterinary importance are in the genus Mycoplasma and include 4 poultry pathogens of economic importance: Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synoviae, Mycoplasma meleagridis and Mycoplasma iowae. The pathogenetic mechanisms of mycoplasmas are not fully understood, but they are successful pathogens because they can enter the host and multiply, evade the defence mechanisms, cause damage and escape to infect new hosts. M. gallisepticum is one of several motile species and possesses a terminal tip structure that mediates adherence to its target tissues. For some species, including M. gallisepticum, some of the organisms may become intracellular. Some Mycoplasma species, including the pathogenic poultry species, have a remarkable ability to vary their major surface antigens, a mechanism that is thought to help them to persist in their host by evading the immune response. The molecular and cellular events that lead to the development of lesions and clinical disease are still obscure. Some lesions appear to be the result of indirect damage from the host's inflammatory and cellular responses. Despite short survival times in the environment, mycoplasmas are able to transmit successfully to new hosts. In poultry flocks there is both horizontal and vertical transmission, the former being encouraged by intensive husbandry and stress factors. Establishing the pathways of transmission and the possible role of other birds, such as game and wild birds, as intermediate vectors between poultry flocks is now greatly aided by the availability of modern molecular methods for strain typing.

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“…Several diagnostic methods/ tools are available, including serum plate agglutination (SPA), rapid plate agglutination (RPA), rapid serum plate agglutination (RSPA), haemagglutination inhibition (HI), micro-agglutination (MA), enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and culture isolation assays Ortiz and Kleven, 1992;Cookson and Shivaparasad, 1994;McMartin et al, 1996;Bradbury et al, 2001a;Bencina et al, 2003;Feberwee et al, 2008). Several diagnostic methods/ tools are available, including serum plate agglutination (SPA), rapid plate agglutination (RPA), rapid serum plate agglutination (RSPA), haemagglutination inhibition (HI), micro-agglutination (MA), enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and culture isolation assays Ortiz and Kleven, 1992;Cookson and Shivaparasad, 1994;McMartin et al, 1996;Bradbury et al, 2001a;Bencina et al, 2003;Feberwee et al, 2008).…”

Section: Diagnostic Procedures and Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it expressed many proteins which were immunogenic for both game birds infected with MG. Nadeem (2010) successfully isolated MG and MS from captive peafowl on Frey's modified broth and agar media. Bradbury et al (2001a;2001b). MG was isolated by removing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and cysteine hydrochloride from modified Frey's broth during the serial passage technique which eliminated the growth of MS (Boettger and Dohmsa, 2006).…”

Section: Diagnostic Procedures and Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%