Detection of <i>Treponema pallidum</i> Sp. <i>Pallidum</i> DNA in Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) by Two PCR Techniques

Castro, Rogério; Águas, Maria João; Batista, Maria Teresa; Araújo, Carlos; Kamal, Mehnaz; Pereira, Filomena

doi:10.1002/jcla.21913

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…A systematic review and meta-analysis concluded that T. pallidum PCR was more efficient for confirmation than to exclude syphilis diagnosis in lesions 129 . Recent research indicates that this technology may be helpful for the diagnosis of neurosyphilis by the detection of T. pallidum DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with syphilis, particularly among HIV-infected individuals 130,131 .…”

Section: Diagnosis Screening and Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syphilis

Peeling

Mabey

Kamb

et al. 2017

Nat Rev Dis Primers

522

387

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Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum (T. pallidum) causes syphilis via sexual exposure or vertical transmission during pregnancy. T. pallidum is renowned for its invasiveness and immune-evasiveness; its clinical manifestations result from local inflammatory responses to replicating spirochetes and often imitate those of other diseases. The spirochete has a long latent period during which patients have no signs or symptoms, but can remain infectious. Despite the availability of simple diagnostic tests and the effectiveness of treatment with a single dose of long-acting penicillin, syphilis is re-emerging as a global public health problem, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM) in high-income and middle-income countries. Syphilis also causes several hundred thousand stillbirths and neonatal deaths every year in developing nations. Although several low-income countries have achieved WHO targets for the elimination of congenital syphilis, an alarming increase of syphilis in HIV-infected MSM serves as a strong reminder of the tenacity of T. pallidum as a pathogen. Strong advocacy and community involvement is needed to ensure that syphilis is given high priority on the global health agenda. More investment in research is needed on the interaction between HIV and syphilis in MSM, as well as into improved diagnostics, a better test of cure, intensified public health measures and, ultimately, a vaccine.

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Section: Diagnosis Screening and Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syphilis

Peeling

Mabey

Kamb

et al. 2017

Nat Rev Dis Primers

522

387

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In general, we recommend that all CSF samples be tested for VDRL even if the indication for the LP was not related. PCR testing for CSF infection is controversial, with 50% of neurosyphilis patients testing negative (Castro et al, 2016). Appropriate treatment of neurosyphilis should reduce the CSF pleocytosis and protein by 6 months after treatment, but CSF VDRL test results may remain reactive for at least 2 years.…”

Section: Neurosyphilismentioning

confidence: 99%

CSF in acute and chronic infectious diseases

Benninger

Steiner

2018

Handbook of Clinical Neurology

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Infections of the nervous system are an important and challenging aspect of clinical neurology. Immediate correct diagnosis enables to introduce effective therapy, in conditions that without diagnosis may leave the patient with severe neurological incapacitation and sometimes even death. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a mirror that reflects nervous system pathology and can promote early diagnosis and therapy. The present chapter focuses on the CSF findings in neuro-infections, mainly viral and bacterial. Opening pressure, protein and glucose levels, presence of cells and type of the cellular reaction should be monitored. Other tests can also shed light on the causative agent: serology, culture, staining, molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction. Specific examination such as panbacterial and panfungal examinations should be examined when relevant. Our chapter is a guide-text that combines clinical presentation and course with CSF findings as a usuaful tool in diagnosis of neuroinfections. ACUTE INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEMAcute infections of the nervous system are as diverse in their clinical consequences for the patient as the variety of infectious agents causing them: from mild headaches to long-term morbidity and a threat to life. Therefore, the earliest possible diagnosis is absolutely essential. Central here stands the examination of the CSF. The correct diagnosis is often dependent on this rather simple procedure to allow diagnosis and focused antimicrobial and adjunctive therapy. This chapter deals with acute infectious diseases of the nervous system and the importance of the lumbar puncture (LP) in the diagnostic process.

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“…DNA extraction. T. pallidum DNA was isolated as previously described (19). Briefly, DNA was extracted from 200 µl of whole blood and DNAzol (Invitrogen; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) was used to extract DNA from specimens, according to the manufacturer's protocols.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene subtype analysis of Treponema�pallidum for drug resistance to azithromycin

Li¹,

Hu²,

Luo³

et al. 2018

Exp Ther Med

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Azithromycin has been widely used for the treatment of . However, the drug resistance of for azithromycin is currently increasing. The aim of the present study was to analyze the association between gene subtypes of and drug resistance for azithromycin. The gene subtypes of were assayed by a polymerase chain reaction technique. Drug resistance of was analyzed using an antimicrobial susceptibility test. The results demonstrated that gene type presented higher drug resistance compared with and gene types of . Gene type was identified as eight gene subtypes (14a/f, 14e/f, 12e/f, 12d/f, 6d/f, 11d/f, 14j/f and 8d/f) among 324 cases. It was identified that 23S rRNA A2058G mutation was observed in gene subtypes 14a/f, 14e/f and 12e/f. A2059G mutation occurred in the gene subtypes 8d/f, 12d/f, 6d/f, 11d/f and 14j/f. The proportions of azithromycin-resistant genotypes harboring either the A2058G or the A2059G mutation among the strains were 34.2 and 65.8%, respectively. The antimicrobial susceptibility test demonstrated that A2059G mutations exhibited a higher drug resistance for azithromycin compared with A2058G mutations. In conclusion, these results indicate that azithromycin resistance in is associated with gene subtype, which may contribute to the treatment of .

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Detection of Treponema pallidum Sp. Pallidum DNA in Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) by Two PCR Techniques

Abstract: Beyond some limitations of the study, which are discussed here, both PCR techniques seem to be useful for the diagnosis of neurosyphilis, although 47-PCR presents a higher sensitivity and polA-PCR a higher specificity.

Cited by 36 publications

References 32 publications

Syphilis

Syphilis

CSF in acute and chronic infectious diseases

Gene subtype analysis of Treponema�pallidum for drug resistance to azithromycin

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