Detection of<i>Xanthomonas campestris</i>pv.<i>carotae</i>in Carrot Seed

Kuan, T.-L.; Minsavage, Gerald V.

doi:10.1094/pd-69-758

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…For example, the infection of carrot seed by Xanthomonas campestris pv. carotae (Kuan, Minsavage, and Gabrielson, 1985) involves the bacterium gaining access to an internal part of the seed, for example the embryo, as was also reported for X. campestris pv. Manihotis (Elango and Lozano, 1980).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA FROM SEEDS OFNICOTIANA TABACUMCAN REDUCE CADMIUM PHYTOTOXICITY

Mastretta

Taghavi

Lelie

et al. 2009

International Journal of Phytoremediation

262

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Although endophytic bacteria seem to have a close association with their host plant, little is known about the influence of seed endophytic bacteria on initial plant development and on their interactions with plants under conditions of metal toxicity. In order to further elucidate this close relationship, we isolated endophytic bacteria from surface sterilized Nicotiana tabacum seeds that were collected from plants cultivated on a cadmium-(Cd) and zinc-enriched soil. Many of the isolated strains showed Cd tolerance. Sterilely grown tobacco plants were inoculated with either the endogenous microbial consortium, composed of cultivable and noncultivable strains; single strains; or defined consortia of the most representative cultivable strains. Subsequently, the effects of inoculation of endophytic bacteria on plant development and on metal and nutrient uptake were explored under conditions with and without exposure to Cd. In general, seed endophytes were found to have a positive effect on plant growth, as was illustrated by an increase in biomass production under conditions without Cd. In several cases, inoculation with endophytes resulted in improved biomass production under conditions of Cd stress, as well as in a higher plant Cd concentration and total plant Cd content compared to noninoculated plants. These results demonstrate the beneficial effects of seed endophytes on metal toxicity and accumulation, and suggest practical applications using inoculated seeds as a vector for plant beneficial bacteria.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA FROM SEEDS OFNICOTIANA TABACUMCAN REDUCE CADMIUM PHYTOTOXICITY

Mastretta

Taghavi

Lelie

et al. 2009

International Journal of Phytoremediation

262

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“…Although the accuracy of dilution plating is considered sufficient, a minimum of 5 days is required to visualize X. hortorum pv. carotae colonies on the selective medium (1,5,6,10,13,31). Moreover, positive identification of X. hortorum pv.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Currently, the standard method for X. hortorum pv. carotae detection in carrot seed involves dilution plating the seed wash onto a semiselective agar medium such as XCS (1,6,10,13). Although the accuracy of dilution plating is considered sufficient, a minimum of 5 days is required to visualize X. hortorum pv.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative Molecular Detection ofXanthomonas hortorumpv.carotaein Carrot Seed Before and After Hot-Water Treatment

et al. 2013

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Molecular assays to detect and quantify DNA from viable cells of the seedborne pathogen Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae in carrot seed were developed and evaluated for use on nontreated and hot-water-treated seed lots. Both a TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) dilution endpoint assay detected and quantified DNA from viable pathogen cells after treatment of carrot seed washes with the live-dead discriminating dye propidium monoazide (PMA). The detection limits of the assays were approximately 101 CFU for pure cultures of X. hortorum pv. carotae, and 102 to 103 CFU/g seed from naturally infested carrot seed lots. X. hortorum pv. carotae in and on carrot seed was killed by soaking the seed in hot water (52°C for 25 min), and a subsequent PMA treatment of these hot-water-treated seed washes suppressed detection of the pathogen with both the real-time PCR and LAMP assays. For 36 commercial seed lots treated with PMA but not hot water, regression of colony counts of X. hortorum pv. carotae measured by dilution plating on a semiselective agar medium versus estimates of pathogen CFU determined by the molecular assays resulted in significant (P ≤ 0.05) linear relationships (R2 = 0.68 for the real-time PCR assay and 0.79 for the LAMP assay). The molecular assays provided quantitative estimates of X. hortorum pv. carotae infestations in carrot seed lots in <24 h, which is a significant improvement over the 7 to 14 days required to obtain results from the traditional dilution-plating assay.

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“…Pure strains of bacterial cultures were carried out by the dilution plate method and streak plate method. The three screening methods carried out were: screening on modified crystal violet-pectate (CVP) medium 1 , screening on medium for pectolytic bacteria (MP) 2 and screening by bacterial ability to produce soft rot symptom on potato 3 . The strains selected by the above mentioned screens were transferred onto nutrient agar and kept in liquid paraffin, in sterile distilled water and freeze drying 4 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sittidilokratna¹,

Suthirawut²,

Chitradon³

et al. 2007

ScienceAsia

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Screening of pectinase producing bacteria and assessment of the effectiveness for biopulping of paper mulberry bark of the pectinase of the highest producer were carried out. Pectinolytic bacteria were initially screened from 6 identified and 118 unknown isolates. Twelve strains gave positive results, including 3 of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, 2 of Erwinia chrysanthemi and 7 of Bacillus sp.. Crude pectinases were prepared from the selected strains. Then, the activity of 3 pectinase types, namely polygalacturonase (PG), pectate lyase (PAL) and pectin lyase (PL), was investigated. The results showed the highest PG production from E. chrysanthemi strain N05 (342-11) isolated from onion and highest PAL and PL production from Bacillus sp. strain N10 isolated from paper mulberry bark. Both N05 and N10 possess similar optimum conditions at pH 10.0 and 35 o C, and were stable at pH 3-12 for 30 minutes and 20-40 o C for 24 h. Furthermore, the efficiency of Bacillus sp. strain N10 pectinase in biopulping of paper mulberry bark was studied. The bark was pretreated by soaking for 24 h in distilled water, 0.5% NaOH solution, or 1.0% NaOH solution or not pretreated. Then it was incubated with 20,000, 40,000, 100,000 and 200,000 units of enzyme solution and compared to water and NH 4 Cl-NH 4 OH buffer controls. Bark without any pretreatment, which was incubated with 100,000 unit of the enzyme had the maximum level of reducing sugar released, the softest pulp and fibers that were clearly separated when observed under the scanning electron microscope. Chemical composition analysis of the pulp showed slight increases in holocellulose 5%, alpha-cellulose (2%) and hemicellulose (3%) contents, whereas lignin content decreased by 50% when compared to the nontreated bark.

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Detection ofXanthomonas campestrispv.carotaein Carrot Seed

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA FROM SEEDS OFNICOTIANA TABACUMCAN REDUCE CADMIUM PHYTOTOXICITY

ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA FROM SEEDS OFNICOTIANA TABACUMCAN REDUCE CADMIUM PHYTOTOXICITY

Quantitative Molecular Detection ofXanthomonas hortorumpv.carotaein Carrot Seed Before and After Hot-Water Treatment

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