Detection of Identical Isolates of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> from the Blood and Oral Mucosa in a Patient with Infective Endocarditis

Abstract

The detection of infective endocarditis (IE) of oral origin has been previously discussed. However, there are few reports confirming this infection using molecular biological techniques. We herein describe the case of a 67-year-old man who developed IE. Blood culture samples and strains obtained from the gingival and buccal mucosa showed 100% identity to Enterococcus faecalis JCM 5803 on sequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragments. A random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis showed the same pattern for these samples, thus confirming the identity of E. faecalis isolates in the blood and oral mucosa. Our observations provide novel information regarding the level of identity between IE pathogens and oral bacteria.

Enterococcal Infective Endocarditis following Periodontal Disease in Dogs

“…One major factor related to human IE is the concurrent presence of periodontal disease (PD) [ 3 – 6 ]. In veterinary medicine, this association is considered to be relevant, but research aiming to confirm this link is scarce, most being observational and retrospective [ 7 ], [ 8 ]. Such studies would be of major importance, as PD is one of the most widespread diseases in dogs, with a prevalence of 44 to 80% [ 9 ], [ 10 ].…”

“…PD has a multifactorial aetiology, depending on several factors, related with the host and the environment [ 5 ]. It requires the formation of a plaque, defined as a microbial biofilm in the oral cavity that leads to the inflammation of tooth supporting structures, progressing from a mild gingivitis to severe periodontitis reaching the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone [ 5 ], [ 7 ], [ 9 ]. At this stage, bacteria may disseminate to other organs via bloodstream, causing systemic diseases, including IE [ 7 ].…”

Comparison of genotypes, antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiles of oral and non oral Enterococcus faecalis from Brazil, Japan and the United Kingdom

“…The view that enterococci are not widely regarded as normal components of the oral microflora needs to be reviewed. These microorganisms are considered transient colonisers of the oral cavity and have been isolated from a range of oral sites including the mucosa, carious lesions, chronic periodontitis and endodontic infections, especially in persistent cases (4,5,7,14,18). Importantly, the source and the role of enterococci in the pathogenesis of endodontic infections remains unclear (6,11,19).…”

<p>A Novel Detection of <em>Enterococcus</em> <em>faecalis</em> Using Multiple Cross Displacement Amplification Linked with Gold Nanoparticle Lateral Flow Biosensor</p>

“…The traditional and gold standard for the detection of E. faecalis is cultivation on agar plates, while this detection method took more than 48 h of growth 4,5. Moreover, the sensitivity of cultivation-based techniques was significantly decreased if the clinical samples were collected after antimicrobial therapy 5.…”

“…The traditional and gold standard for the detection of E. faecalis is cultivation on agar plates, while this detection method took more than 48 h of growth 4,5. Moreover, the sensitivity of cultivation-based techniques was significantly decreased if the clinical samples were collected after antimicrobial therapy 5. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-based technologies (real-time PCR and multiplex PCR) were applied to detect clinical pathogens because these detection methods are specific, rapid, and sensitive 6–9.…”