Detection of illicit GHB using AIE active fluorene containing α-Cyanostilbenes

Interpol Review of Drug Analysis 2019-2022

“…2019 complementary approach for accurate determination of carbon isotopic compositions in gamma-hydroxybutyric acid using gas chromatography/combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry [ 118 ]; 2020 ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantification of GHB, GBL, and 1,4-BD in four popular beverages, including carbonated drinks, tea, apple cider vinegar, and coffee [ 119 ]; H-1-NMR results of seven kinds of beverages spiked GBL indicated that were spiked with GBL where the GBL was transformed into GHB in six popular beverages under certain conditions which could happen during transportation and storage [ 120 ]; detection method based on DLLME and GC-MS/MS for GHB in beverages [ 121 ]; two new oxazole derivatives for detection of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in soft drinks and alcoholic beverages, by color and fluorescence changes [ 122 ]; review [ 123 ]; GC-MS analysis of GHB in energy drinks [ 124 ]; 2021 a total vaporization solid-phase microextraction (TV-SPME) method with GC-MS for the detection of GHB and GBL in alcoholic beverages [ 125 ]; review [ 126 ]; LLE-FTIR based method to GBL in adulterated beverages [ 127 ]; forensic routine cases were measured to consider the potential of additional GC-MS analysis for GHB related acids (3,4-dihydroxy butyric acid, 2,4-dihydroxy butyric acid and glycolic acid) [ 128 ]; colorimetric chemosensor for the real-time in situ detection of GHB in soft drinks and alcoholic beverages [ 129 ]; heteroditopic chemosensors for detecting GHB in soft drinks, alcoholic beverages and synthetic urine [ 130 ]; a colorimetric detection kit was developed to enable rapid GHB detection in beverages [ 131 ]; 2022 development of a fluorescence probe based on a cyanostilbene scaffold for the detection of GHB [ 132 ]; method for in situ colorimetric GHB detection using various self-protection products coated with 2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxystyryl)-3-ethylbenzothiazol-3ium iodide (BHEI) as a chemical receptor embedded in hydrogels [ 133 ].…”

α-Cyanostilbene: a multifunctional spectral engineering motif

“…The color transformation from blue to yellow using the naked eye allows easier identification of spurious samples. 107 Also, dye-coated chromatographic strips gave visual demarcation of the solution with GHB in different EtOH-H 2 O fractions. 1 H NMR analysis validated the H-bonding interaction of SK46 with GHB through the upfield shift of the aromatic proton signals.…”

“…1 H NMR analysis validated the H-bonding interaction of SK46 with GHB through the upfield shift of the aromatic proton signals. 107…”

“…(C) Absorption and emission variation of SK46 upon interaction with GHB. 107 ) units, respectively. The cryo-SEM images revealed the various morphologies of the organogels, including uniform nanoaggregates and twisted ribbon network-like structures (Fig.…”

“…(B) Molecular structures of the fluorene-based cyanostilbene derivatives used for the detection of the illicit GHB and color variation noted under the naked eye and 365 nm UV lamp. (C) Absorption and emission variation of SK46 upon interaction with GHB 107. (Reprinted with permissions from ref.…”