Detection of integron-associated gene cassettes and other antimicrobial resistance genes in enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis

Sarkar, Anirban; Pazhani, Gururaja P.; Dharanidharan, Ramamurthy; Ghosh, Amit; Ramamurthy, Thandavarayan

doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2015.01.008

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This is the most important mechanism of resistance to beta-lactam in BFG. The cfxA gene is responsible for resistance to cefotaxime [24], and it is frequently detected in clinical BFG strains resistant to beta-lactams [23,29]. In this study, cfxA was detected only in untreated wastewater, which could suggest that this gene is effectively eliminated during wastewater treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

The occurrence of specific markers of Bacteroides fragilis group, B. dorei and antibiotic-resistance genes in the wastewater treatment plants

et al. 2018

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Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are one of the main transmission sources of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic-resistance genes in the natural environment. In this study, the presence of specific markers of Bacteroides fragilis group (BFG), B. dorei and genes encoding resistance to beta-lactams (cepA, cfxA), tetracyclines (tet(Q)), macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins (MLS) mechanism (ermF, linA) was analyzed by standard PCR in the inflows and outflows from three wastewater treatment plants with the activated sludge process. Genetic material was isolated from wastewater samples with the use of two commercial kits for genomic DNA extraction, the Fast DNA SPIN Kit for Soil and the Genomic Micro AX Bacteria Gravity Kit. The quality of the isolated genetic material differed between the tested isolation kits. The Fast DNA SPIN Kit for Soil was more effective in detecting cfxA, ermF and linA genes. However, both extraction kits effectively identified tet(Q), bfr and HF183/BacR287 genes in all wastewater samples. The results of the study indicate that genes specific to BFG and B. dorei, and genes encoding resistance to MLS and tetracyclines are not completely eliminated during the wastewater treatment process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

The occurrence of specific markers of Bacteroides fragilis group, B. dorei and antibiotic-resistance genes in the wastewater treatment plants

et al. 2018

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“…The integrase gene ( int SXT ) present in ICE was amplified by PCR using previously described primer pair int1-F and int1-B (Dalsgaard et al, 2001). Beside int S XT , PCR was also performed to detect the presence of resistance encoding genes for chloramphenicol ( floR and cat ), streptomycin ( strA and strB ), and sulfonamide ( sul1 and sul2 ) (Sarkar et al, 2015a). Primer pairs VCtetA.F-(5′- ACGGTATCCTGCTGGCACTGTATG-3′) and VCtetA.R-(5′- CATCCATATCCAGCCATCCCAACT-3′) and VctetR.F-(5′-GA AGTGGGAATGGAAGGGCTGAC-3′) and VctetR.R-(5′-AG CCTCTGTGCCATCATCTTG-3′) were designed to detect the Tet R encoding gene ( tetA ), and the repressor protein ( tetR ) for a regulatory portion of resistance cassettes, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Integrative and Conjugative Elements (ICEs) in Recent Vibrio cholerae O1 Isolated From Cholera Cases, Kolkata, India

et al. 2019

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The self-transferring integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) are large genomic segments carrying several bacterial adaptive functions including antimicrobial resistance (AMR). SXT/R391 family is one of the ICEs extensively studied in cholera-causing pathogen Vibrio cholerae. The genetic characteristics of ICE-SXT/R391 in V. cholerae are dynamic and region-specific. These ICEs in V. cholerae are strongly correlated with resistance to several antibiotics such as tetracycline, streptomycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. We screened V. cholerae O1 strains isolated from cholera patients in Kolkata, India from 2008 to 2015 for antibiotic susceptibility and the presence of ICEs, and subsequently sequenced their conserved genes. Resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was detected in strains isolated during 2008–2010 and 2014–2015. The genes encoding resistance to tetracycline (tetA), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (dfrA1 and sul2), streptomycin (strAB), and chloramphenicol (floR) were detected in the ICEs of these strains. There was a decrease in overall drug resistance in V. cholerae associated with the ICEs in 2011. DNA sequence analysis also showed that AMR in these strains was conferred mainly by two types of ICEs, i.e., ICETET (comprising tetA, strAB, sul2, and dfrA1) and ICEGEN (floR, strAB, sul2, and dfrA1). Based on the genetic structure, Kolkata strains of V. cholerae O1 had distinct genetic traits different from the ICEs reported in other cholera endemic regions. Transfer of AMR was confirmed by conjugation with sodium azide resistant Escherichia coli J53. In addition to the acquired resistance to streptomycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, the conjugally transferred (CT) E. coli J53 with ICE showed higher resistance to chloramphenicol and tetracycline than the donor V. cholerae. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) based clonal analysis revealed that the V. cholerae strains could be grouped based on their ICEs and AMR patterns. Our findings demonstrate the epidemiological importance of ICEs and their role in the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in El Tor vibrios.

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“…Other MDR bacteria include Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) [56,57,58,59] and Campylobacter jejuni [60,61,62,63] are both enteric pathogen associated with TD. The reader is directed to a review by Hitch and Fleming [64] for an overview on antimicrobial resistance in TD.…”

Section: Antibiotics Vaccines and Otc Medicines For Prevention Amentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Guidelines/Guidance from Various Countries Around the World for the Prevention and Management of Travellers’ Diarrhoea: A Pharmacist’s Perspective

Hitch

2019

Pharmacy

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International travel is growing and pharmacists are well placed to provide travel health services for the prevention and management of travellers’ diarrhoea (TD). Legislation changes in many countries has enabled pharmacists to access prescription only medicines and vaccinations to provide advice and over the counter medicines for the prevention and management for travel health services; this makes sense since pharmacies are easily accessible to the public and are the patient’s first port of call in the event of any illness. Currently, whilst many guidelines/guidance exist worldwide for the prevention and management of TD, there is no review that focuses on similarities and differences between these and between guidelines on TD and travel related and non-travel related acute diarrhoea. There is also a lack of publication on legislation and the need for evidence based training for all prescribers to provide travel health services. The aims of this work were to review guidelines/guidance for the prevention and management of TD from across the world which were compared with each other as were the TD guidelines compared to that for travel related and non-travel related acute diarrhoea for similarities and differences, with a focus on any relevant pharmacy legislation, needs assessments and training that may impact upon provision of travel health services by pharmacists focusing mainly on TD in adults. The PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane database were used to carry out an online search for publications on TD, acute diarrhoea and the guidance pharmacists have in the prevention and management of diarrhoea. The literature reviewed in this article indicates that where no specific guidelines/guidance existed, some pharmacists used the WHO guidelines (WHO), highlighting a need for local, regional and national evidence based guidelines in these countries.

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Detection of integron-associated gene cassettes and other antimicrobial resistance genes in enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis

Cited by 21 publications

References 41 publications

The occurrence of specific markers of Bacteroides fragilis group, B. dorei and antibiotic-resistance genes in the wastewater treatment plants

The occurrence of specific markers of Bacteroides fragilis group, B. dorei and antibiotic-resistance genes in the wastewater treatment plants

Altered Integrative and Conjugative Elements (ICEs) in Recent Vibrio cholerae O1 Isolated From Cholera Cases, Kolkata, India

A Review of Guidelines/Guidance from Various Countries Around the World for the Prevention and Management of Travellers’ Diarrhoea: A Pharmacist’s Perspective

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