Detection of intestinal metaplasia in distal esophagus and esophagogastric junction by enhanced-magnification endoscopy

Magnifying endoscopy for diagnosis of residual/local recurrent gastric neoplasms after previous endoscopic treatment

“…Yao et al [8] reported that ME was useful for determining the extent of differentiated carcinomas. EME was devised to improve the diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus and to avoid sampling errors [11,13]. Since EME can reveal differences in surface patterns, the demarcation line between the surrounding mucosa and the neoplasm is evident by this technique [14,16].…”

“…The transient white color of the epithelial surface, which occurs following spraying with acetic acid, is a consequence of increased surface opacity [12]. EME is a useful method for observing fine surface patterns in Barrett's esophagus [11,13] and in the stomach [14][15][16]. Narrow-band imaging (NBI) is an innovative method of endoscopic imaging [17].…”

Web-based system for training and dissemination of a magnification chromoendoscopy classification

“…Endo et al [10] and Yagi et al [21] using methylene blue, Guelrud et al [12,14] and Toyoda et al [64] using acetic acid, and Sharma et al [13] using indigo carmine, described features of intestinal metaplasia and Sharma also reported endoscopic dysplasia. Good validity results were published by all authors, but Meining et al [11] showed a low inter-observer agreement, both for Endo and for Guelrud classifications (Cohen's kappa of 0.017 and 0.162).…”

Features of early gastric cancer and gastric adenoma by enhanced-magnification endoscopy

“…By using enhanced-magnification endoscopy, we classified Barrett's mucosa into three types: type 1, small round pits of uniform size and shape ("fundic gland" type); type 2, slit-reticular pattern with elongated mucosal pits ("cardiac gland" type); and type 3, gyrus, villous, or mixed gyrus-villous patterns ("intestinal metaplasia" type). 6 Based on this classification of Barrett's esophagus, we devised a modified classification of gastric mucosa to use in the present study, which was subsequently validated by the results. Analysis of the enhancedmagnification endoscopy results revealed that the mucosa surrounding a gastric tumor could be characterized by three clearly recognizable patterns of surface architecture: type I (small round pits of uniform size and shape), type II (slit-like pits), and type III (a fine villous or gyrus pattern), or mixed forms.…”

“…4 Recently, we reported the successful use of this technique in the detection of intestinal metaplasia in the distal esophagus and esophagogastric junction. 6 Several recent studies report the use of magnification endoscopy for the diagnosis of gastric carcinoma. [7][8][9] Background.…”