Detection of ionospheric disturbances driven by the 2014 Chile tsunami using GPS total electron content in New Zealand

Zhang, Xiaohong; Tang, Long

doi:10.1002/2014ja020879

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…For all these events, the IGW propagation speed and direction were consistent with those of the tsunami, and the TEC perturbation and tsunami height had a similar waveform, with a consistent delay between the two signals (±13 min). A similar TEC signal was later detected in the case of the tsunami triggered by the M w = 9.0 Tohoku event in 2011 (Galvan et al, ; Kherani et al, ; Rolland, Lognonné, Astafyeva, et al, ), including from TEC radio occultation performed by COSMIC (Coïsson et al, ), and by the more recent 2012 Haida Gwaii tsunami (Grawe & Makela, ; Savastano et al, ), the Chilean event of 2014 (Zhang & Tang, ) and the 2015 Illapel tsunami (Grawe & Makela, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Tsunami Wave Height Estimation from GPS‐Derived Ionospheric Data

et al. 2018

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Large underwater earthquakes (Mw>7) can transmit part of their energy to the surrounding ocean through large seafloor motions, generating tsunamis that propagate over long distances. The forcing effect of tsunami waves on the atmosphere generates internal gravity waves that, when they reach the upper atmosphere, produce ionospheric perturbations. These perturbations are frequently observed in the total electron content (TEC) measured by multifrequency Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) such as GPS, GLONASS, and, in the future, Galileo. This paper describes the first inversion of the variation in sea level derived from GPS TEC data. We used a least squares inversion through a normal‐mode summation modeling. This technique was applied to three tsunamis in far field associated to the 2012 Haida Gwaii, 2006 Kuril Islands, and 2011 Tohoku events and for Tohoku also in close field. With the exception of the Tohoku far‐field case, for which the tsunami reconstruction by the TEC inversion is less efficient due to the ionospheric noise background associated to geomagnetic storm, which occurred on the earthquake day, we show that the peak‐to‐peak amplitude of the sea level variation inverted by this method can be compared to the tsunami wave height measured by a DART buoy with an error of less than 20%. This demonstrates that the inversion of TEC data with a tsunami normal‐mode summation approach is able to estimate quite accurately the amplitude and waveform of the first tsunami arrival.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Tsunami Wave Height Estimation from GPS‐Derived Ionospheric Data

et al. 2018

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“…These observations have found that (1) tsunamis with sufficiently large open surface displacements generate identifiable TEC perturbations (Galvan et al, ). (2) The TEC perturbations travel at a similar speed and direction with the tsunamis (Galvan et al, ; Rolland et al, ; Zhang & Tang, ). The speed of most tsunami‐induced TEC perturbations is between 200 and 300 m/s (Galvan et al, ; Tang et al, ).…”

Section: Summary Of Major Observational Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Distinct TEC signatures due to the tsunami are visible, and the magnitude reached 0.2 TECU (Galvan et al, ). (3) The arrival time of TEC perturbations can be coherent with the arrival time of a tsunami (Rolland et al, ; Zhang & Tang, ), but it can also be earlier than the arrival time of the tsunami that is possibly due the wave dissipation process (Bagiya, Kherani, et al, ). (4) Although tsunamis ceased at costal lines, their signatures in the upper atmosphere can continuously propagate for more than 1,500 km inland (Crowley et al, ).…”

Section: Summary Of Major Observational Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper Atmospheric Responses to Surface Disturbances: An Observational Perspective

et al. 2019

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We review observations on the coupling between Earth's surface disturbances and the upper atmosphere. In particular, we focus on the upper atmospheric responses to atmospheric acousticgravity waves generated during impulsive surface disturbance events including earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and explosions. We review the theoretical background for the generation and propagation of atmospheric acoustic-gravity waves from surface disturbance events as well as of the ionospheric plasma response to such acoustic-gravity waves. We review a variety of observational techniques that have been successfully utilized to detect upper atmospheric perturbations induced by surface disturbances and summarize the state-of-the-art knowledge on the coupling processes learnt from these observations. Finally, we touch on some most recent advances in the field and propose directions for future research.Plain Language Summary Earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and chemical and nuclear explosions on or under the ground create sudden and violent motions of the ground or ocean surface. While ground shakings during some massive earthquakes can be felt by people who live thousands of kilometers away from the epicenters, the shakings can also be detected from the atmosphere hundreds of kilometers above the ground (upper atmosphere). Similarly, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and explosions can have footprints in the upper atmosphere as well. These footprints have been successfully detected by a variety of observational techniques. This paper reviews the observational results and the current understanding of the physical mechanisms behind the coupling between the ground/ocean and the upper atmosphere. In addition, future research directions are proposed in order to address the open questions.

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“…The ionospheric TEC series was calculated by the geometry-free combination of dual-frequency GNSS carrier phases for each satellite-receiver pair [27]. The cut-off elevation angle was set as 20 • for each satellite-receiver pair.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Observation of Thunderstorm-Induced Ionospheric Gravity Waves above Low-Latitude Areas in the Northern Hemisphere

Tang

Chen

et al. 2019

Remote Sensing

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Gravity waves (GWs) generated in the lower atmosphere can propagate upwards to ionospheric height. In this study, we investigated the correlation between ionospheric GWs detected by Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-derived total electron content data and thunderstorm events recorded by a local lightning-detection network in the low-latitude region of Southern China during a four-year period, from 2014 to 2017. Ionospheric GWs were detected on both thunderstorm and non-thunderstorm days. Daytime ionospheric GW activity on high-thunderstorm days showed a similar convex-function-like diurnal variation to thunderstorm activity, which is different to the concave-function-like pattern on non-thunderstorm days. Daytime ionospheric GW activity on low-thunderstorm days showed an approximately linear rising trend and was of a larger magnitude than that of high-thunderstorm days, suggesting it may be mixed by non-thunderstorm origins. Night-time enhancement of ionospheric GW activity was observed on thunderstorm days but not on non-thunderstorm days. Furthermore, ionospheric GW activity on thunderstorm days showed a positive correlation to solar activity. These findings can effectively distinguish thunderstorm-related ionospheric GWs from those of non-thunderstorm origins and provide more comprehensive knowledge of thunderstorm-ionosphere coupling in low-latitude areas.

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Detection of ionospheric disturbances driven by the 2014 Chile tsunami using GPS total electron content in New Zealand

Cited by 17 publications

References 23 publications

Tsunami Wave Height Estimation from GPS‐Derived Ionospheric Data

Tsunami Wave Height Estimation from GPS‐Derived Ionospheric Data

Upper Atmospheric Responses to Surface Disturbances: An Observational Perspective

Statistical Observation of Thunderstorm-Induced Ionospheric Gravity Waves above Low-Latitude Areas in the Northern Hemisphere

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