Detection of Iss and Bor on the surface of Escherichia coli

Lynne, Aaron M.; Skyberg, Jerod A.; Logue, Catherine M.; Nolan, Lisa K.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03133.x

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Interestingly, although there has been some development of vaccines to alleviate this problem, none have been effective in fully controlling this infection or disease (Lynne et al, 2012;Lynne et al, 2007). Despite the intensive research globally, the genetic diversity of APEC make it hard to reach a consensus on definition of APEC (Johnson et al, 2008b;Lynne et al, 2007;Rodriguez-Siek et al, 2005a). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These VGs are frequently associated with septicaemia as they assist the bacteria in avoiding being killed by the essential defence mechanisms present in the blood, including complement, antimicrobial peptides and other serum components (Boerlin and Reid-Smith, 2008;Jacobson et al, 1992;Jeffrey et al, 2002;Nolan et al, 2003). Several investigations have reported serum resistance VGs are widespread among APEC in comparison with AFEC and have suggested that these VGs contribute to APEC pathogenicity (Delicato et al, 2003;Dozois et al, 1992;Dziva and Stevens, 2008;Lynne et al, 2007;Mellata et al, 2003;Mellata et al, 2012;Nolan et al, 2002;Ozawa et al, 2008;Rocha et al, 2008;Rodriguez-Siek et al, 2005a;Skyberg et al, 2008;Tivendale et al, 2004;Wooley et al, 1992;Yaguchi et al, 2007;Yang et al, 2004;Zhao et al, 2005). Several VGs have been linked with serum resistance mechanisms and the association of each of the serum resistance VGs with APEC pathogenicity mechanisms have also been independently studied (Nakazato et al, 2009;Rocha et al, 2008).…”

Section: Serum Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serum resistance VGs enable the bacteria to survive outside the gastrointestinal tract and overcome the host defence mechanisms (Johnson et al, 2002b;Lynne et al, 2007;Miajlovic and Smith, 2014;Rocha et al, 2008;Tivendale et al, 2004). These VGs are frequently associated with septicaemia as they assist the bacteria in avoiding being killed by the essential defence mechanisms present in the blood, including complement, antimicrobial peptides and other serum components (Boerlin and Reid-Smith, 2008;Jacobson et al, 1992;Jeffrey et al, 2002;Nolan et al, 2003).…”

Section: Serum Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bacterial outer membrane, ColV colicin and/or outer membrane proteins can facilitate r esistance to serum complement (Fantinatti et al, 1994;Gross, 1957;Gross, 1990;Lynne et al, 2007;Mellata et al, 2003;Nolan et al, 2003). Pfaff-McDonough et al (2000) screened 294 E. coli isolates obtained from chickens with colibacillosis and 75 E. coli isolates sourced from healthy chickens to determine the associations between four serum resistance VGs (iss (increased serum survival, which is a cytotoxic inhibitor), traT (surface exclusion protein), cvaC (structural genes of colicin V operon) and ompA (outer membrane protein A)) and APEC.…”

Section: Serum Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in commercial broiler chicken in South East Queensland

Awawdeh¹,

Turni²,

Henning³

et al.

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Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the causative agent of avian colibacillosis, a localised or systemic infection resulting in clinical diseases such as colisepticemia, chronic respiratory disease and swollen-head syndrome. Globally, avian colibacillosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in poultry, and it has been associated with massive economic losses and welfare problems.This organism is of public health significance as APEC is communicable to humans. The diagnosis of avian colibacillosis relies on clinical signs, typical pathological lesions and culture of E. coli from affected tissue(s). Antimicrobial therapy is often used both for treatment and control. Previous overseas studies have characterised APEC and identified virulence genes (VGs) that can be used as molecular markers for the identification of APEC. Little is known about APEC in broiler chickens in Australia.The aim of this thesis was to gain a better understanding of the epidemiology of APEC in Australian broiler flocks and how factors including presence of VGs and phylogenetic group can improve the identification of this pathotype in Australia. Firstly, three faecal DNA extraction methods were evaluated. Faeces were collected from healthy chickens and chickens with colibacillosis from commercial broiler farms in South East Queensland (SEQ). The extracted DNA was screened by a pentaplex-PCR for five APEC-associated VGs (iroN, iutA, iss, hlyF and ompT). DNA extracted from E. coli isolates cultured from the cloaca and organs of the birds were screened using the same PCR.Repeated bead beating plus column elution was the preferred DNA extraction method, as it yielded good PCR quality and adequate quantity DNA. However, identifying APEC by direct detection of the five VGs from the faecal material was not feasible as all of these genes were also detected in all of the birds. However, the VGs were more commonly detected in E. coli isolates cultured from birds with colibacillosis.A cross-sectional study was performed to estimate APEC farm-level prevalence in healthy broiler chickens in SEQ and to identify potential risk factors associated with the carriage of APEC. At the farm-level, all of the 40 farms sampled were positive for APEC, that is at least one bird per farm carried APEC, while the within-farm prevalence was 63% (95% Confidence Interval: 55.8, 70.2).Higher APEC within-farm bird-level prevalence was significantly associated with the usage of well water as a source of drinking water, failure to disinfect the water line after each flock, farm visitors not showering before entering the shed, distances greater than 20 metres between the car park and the poultry shed and the presence of wild birds within 50 metres of the shed. Chlorinating the drinking water combined with automatic water filtration reduced within-farm bird-level APEC prevalence. Page | 3Therefore, based on the results concluded from the multivariable model, improving biosecurity and water treatments might reduce APEC prevalence, decrease the risk of co...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Serum Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Serum Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Serum Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Studies on avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in commercial broiler chicken in South East Queensland

Awawdeh¹,

Turni²,

Henning³

et al.

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“…The gene is found in most APEC regardless of its host type of origin, lesion of origin, or serogroup (40) and is linked to large, transmissible virulence plasmids which appear to be the defining trait of the APEC pathotype (23,40). Iss, the protein it encodes (4,16), occurs in APEC's outer membrane where it is readily accessible to the host defenses (31). This strong association between iss and APEC, along with outer membrane location of Iss, suggested that iss-centric strategies might be useful in colibacillosis control.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombinant Iss as a Potential Vaccine for Avian Colibacillosis

Lynne¹,

Kariyawasam²,

Wannemuehler³

et al. 2012

Avian Diseases Digest

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Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) cause colibacillosis, a disease which is responsible for significant losses in poultry. Control of colibacillosis is problematic due to the restricted availability of relevant antimicrobial agents and to the frequent failure of vaccines to protect against the diverse range of APEC serogroups causing disease in birds. Previously, we reported that the increased serum survival gene (iss) is strongly associated with APEC strains, but not with fecal commensal E. coli in birds, making iss and the outer membrane protein it encodes (Iss) candidate targets for colibacillosis control procedures. Preliminary studies in birds showed that their immunization with Iss fusion proteins protected against challenge with two of the more-commonly occurring APEC serogroups (O2 and O78). Here, the potential of an Iss-based vaccine was further examined by assessing its effectiveness against an additional and widely occurring APEC serogroup (O1) and its ability to evoke both a serum and mucosal antibody response in immunized birds. In addition, tissues of selected birds were subjected to histopathologic examination in an effort to better characterize the protective response afforded by immunization with this vaccine. Iss fusion proteins were administered intramuscularly to four groups of 2-wk-old broiler chickens. At 2 wk postimmunization, chickens were challenged with APEC strains of the O1, O2, or O78 serogroups. One week after challenge, chickens were euthanatized, necropsied, any lesions consistent with colibacillosis were scored, and tissues from these birds were taken aseptically. Sera were collected pre-immunization, postimmunization, and post-challenge, and antibody titers to Iss were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Also, air sac washings were collected to determine the mucosal antibody response to Iss by ELISA. During the observation period following challenge, 3/12 nonimmunized chickens, 1/12 chickens immunized with 10 µg of GST-Iss, and 1/12 chickens immunized with 50 µg of GST-Iss died when challenged with the O78 strain. No other deaths occurred. Immunized chickens produced a serum and mucosal antibody response to Iss and had significantly lower lesion scores than nonimmunized chickens following challenge, regardless of the challenge strain. This study expands on our previous report of the value of Iss as an immunoprotective antigen and demonstrates that immunization with Iss can provide significant protection of chickens against challenge with three different E. coli strains. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Recombinant Iss as a Potential Vaccine for Avian ColibacillosisAuthor ( BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sus...

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