Detection of Leishmania (L.) chagasi in canine skin

Queiroz, Nina Marí Gual Pimenta de; Silveira, R. C.V. da; Noronha, Antonio Carlos Faconti de; Oliveira, Tiago Marcelo; Machado, R. Z.; Starke-Buzetti, Wilma Aparecida

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.12.033

Cited by 38 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The somewhat higher sensitivity of ISH-SP in spite of the slightly lower signal intensity compared to that of ISH-GP may be due to the better signal-to-noise ratio of ISH-SP. The use of ISH and IHC increased the number of correctly diagnosed positive cases in comparison to the results for HP similarly to what has been reported by other authors when using IHC (16,18,28,29).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Therefore, a variety of serological, parasitological, and molecular laboratory methods have been developed to detect infection by L. infantum in dogs (10,11). Serological assays, PCR, and parasitological culture are the most sensitive methods for the diagnosis of L. infantum infection (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). However, these three methods do not allow visualization of the intact amastigotes within the tissue and correlation of the parasites with associated lesions, which is possible by histopathology (HP) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) (19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these three methods do not allow visualization of the intact amastigotes within the tissue and correlation of the parasites with associated lesions, which is possible by histopathology (HP) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) (19). HP and IHC are frequently used in the current routine for the histological diagnosis of L. infantum in dogs, but these methods have limited accuracy and do not allow species identification (16,18,20). The identification of species of Leishmania is currently only possible by parasitological culture followed by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE), which is the reference method, and by PCR (1).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sensitivity and Specificity of In Situ Hybridization for Diagnosis of Cutaneous Infection by Leishmania infantum in Dogs

et al. 2013

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An accurate diagnosis of infection by Leishmania infantum in dogs is fundamental for the control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Histopathology (HP) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are frequently used for the histological diagnosis of L. infantum in dogs but have shown limited accuracy. To improve the sensitivity and specificity of the histological diagnosis of VL, we evaluated automated in situ hybridization (ISH) using a generic probe for Leishmania and a specific probe for L. infantum in surgical skin biopsy specimens of dogs. The ISH results were compared with those of HP and IHC, using parasitological culture as the reference standard. Skin samples from 51 dogs with cutaneous L. infantum infection and 51 noninfected dogs were randomly selected from samples of dogs from various cities in Brazil where canine VL is endemic. These samples were processed for parasitological culture, HP, IHC, and ISH using both probes. The sensitivities of ISH using the specific probe, ISH using the generic probe, IHC, and HP were, respectively, 74.5%, 70.6%, 69.5%, and 57.6%. The specificity of both ISH probes tested was 100%, and there was no cross-hybridization of the generic and specific probes with selected pathogenic fungi and protozoa. The specific probe discriminated L. infantum from the other species of Leishmania that infect dogs in the New World. ISH is highly sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of L. infantum in histologic samples of skin from infected dogs and can be used on routine biopsy material to make a diagnosis of leishmaniasis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Sensitivity and Specificity of In Situ Hybridization for Diagnosis of Cutaneous Infection by Leishmania infantum in Dogs

et al. 2013

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“…5,104 Histopathology with hematoxylin and eosin is a valuable diagnostic tool in doubtful cases, although the identification of amastigotes is more difficult than with Giemsa cytology. 34,129 Granulomatous inflammation has been associated with higher cutaneous parasitism compared to the other types of dermatitis and regardless of its pattern. 39 To diagnose CanL, the presence of amastigotes should be combined with compatible microscopic lesions, although the opposite can also be true.…”

Section: General Pathomechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…129 Finally, polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization may be used, even in paraffin-embedded blocks, because of their higher specificity and sensitivity. 34,89,151 Organ-Specific Pathomechanisms…”

Section: General Pathomechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathologic Mechanisms Underlying the Clinical Findings in Canine Leishmaniosis due to Leishmaniainfantum/chagasi

Koutinas¹,

Koutinas

2014

Vet Pathol

129

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In dogs with symptomatic or asymptomatic leishmaniosis, Leishmania infantum appears to induce a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response that in the sick dog may eventually result in tissue damage via different pathomechanisms, notably granulomatous inflammation (eg, nodular dermatitis, osteomyelitis), immune complex deposition (eg, glomerulonephritis), and/or autoantibody production (eg, polymyositis). This is a compensatory but detrimental mechanism generated mainly because of the insufficient killing capacity of macrophages against the parasite in the susceptible dog. Clinical disease is typically exemplified as exfoliative and/or ulcerative dermatitis, with or without nasodigital hyperkeratosis and onychogryphosis, glomerulonephritis, atrophic myositis of masticatory muscles, anterior uveitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, epistaxis, and/or polyarthritis, appearing alone or in various combinations. The pathogenesis of these clinical conditions has recently been highlighted, to a greater or lesser extent. The usually subclinical conditions expressed as chronic colitis, chronic hepatitis, vasculitis, myocarditis, osteomyelitis, orchiepididymitis, and meningoencephalomyelitis, though uncommon, are of pathologic importance from a differential point of view. The leading cause of death among canine leishmaniosis patients is chronic proteinuric nephritis that may progress to end-stage kidney disease, nephrotic syndrome, and/or systemic hypertension. However, even the asymptomatic proteinuria, when profuse, may be a serious problem because it predisposes to arterial thromboembolism and eventually contributes to the deterioration of the body condition.

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Detection of amastigotes and histopathological alterations in the thymus of Leishmania infantum‐infected dogs

Silva

Souza

Figueiredo

et al. 2020

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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Introduction: In canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), lymphopenia, and the disorganization of lymphoid organs such as spleen and lymph nodes have been demonstrated. However, the involvement of thymus in CVL has not been evaluated so far. Herein, we investigated whether the thymus can be colonized by Leishmania infantum in naturally infected dogs. Methods: Thymus were obtained from 16 of 58 dogs and samples of this organ were submitted to immunohistochemistry for laminin and fibronectin detection, histopathology, in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the gene ITS-1 for Leishmania and sequenced. Samples of spleen, skin and popliteal lymph nodes were collected and submitted to immunohistochemistry and parasitological culture followed by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. Results: L. infantum was identified in all dogs. DNA and amastigote forms of Leishmania were detected in the thymus from 16 dogs by PCR and in eight by immunohistochemistry. Besides thymus, parasites were detected in spleen, lymph nodes, and skin. A granulomatous or pyogranulomatous thymitis was observed in eight dogs associated to intact amastigotes forms of this parasite. Fibronectin deposition in thymus was higher in dogs with more clinical signs. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the thymus of dogs can be parasitized by L. infantum, which may generate inflammatory reactions leading to alterations in thymic microarchitecture. K E Y W O R D S canine visceral leishmaniasis, clinical signs, extracellular matrix, histopathology, Leishmania infantum, parasite load, thymus 1 | INTRODUCTION Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum

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Detection of Leishmania (L.) chagasi in canine skin

Cited by 38 publications

References 27 publications

Sensitivity and Specificity of In Situ Hybridization for Diagnosis of Cutaneous Infection by Leishmania infantum in Dogs

Sensitivity and Specificity of In Situ Hybridization for Diagnosis of Cutaneous Infection by Leishmania infantum in Dogs

Pathologic Mechanisms Underlying the Clinical Findings in Canine Leishmaniosis due to Leishmaniainfantum/chagasi

Detection of amastigotes and histopathological alterations in the thymus of Leishmania infantum‐infected dogs

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